Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T19:48:31.571Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2009

Kory Floyd
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Communicating Affection
Interpersonal Behavior and Social Context
, pp. 195 - 216
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboyoun, D. C., & Dabbs, J. M. (1998). The Hess pupil dilation findings: Sex or novelty? Social Behavior and Personality, 26, 415–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acker, L. E., Acker, M. A., & Pearson, D. (1973). Generalized imitative affection: Relationship to prior kinds of imitation training. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 16, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acker, L. E., & Marton, J. (1984). Facilitation of affectionate-like behaviors in the play of young children. Child Study Journal, 14, 255–269.Google Scholar
Ågmo, A., & Berenfeld, R. (1990). Reinforcing properties of ejaculation in the male rat: Role of opioids and dopamine. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Young, E., Lewis, M. E., Khachaturian, H., & Walker, J. M. (1984). Endogenous opioids: Biology and function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 7, 223–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altemus, M., Deuster, E. G., Carter, C. S., & Gold, P. (1995). Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 2954–2959.Google ScholarPubMed
Amico, J. A., Johnston, J. M., & Vagnucci, A. H. (1994). Suckling induced attenuation of plasma cortisol concentrations in postpartum lactating women. Endocrinology Research, 20, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, P. A. (1983, May). Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. Paper presented to International Communication Association, Dallas, TX.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1984, April). An arousal-valence model of nonverbal immediacy exchange. Paper presented to Central States Speech Association, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1989, May). A cognitive valence theory of intimate communication. Paper presented to International Conference on Personal Relationships, Iowa City, IA.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1992, June). Excessive intimacy: An account analysis of behaviors, cognitive schema, and relational outcomes. Paper presented to International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships, Orono, ME.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A., Guerrero, L. K., Buller, D. B., & Jorgensen, P. F. (1998). An empirical comparison of three theories of nonverbal immediacy exchange. Human Communication Research, 24, 501–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P. A., Todd-Mancillas, W. R., & DiClemente, L. (1980). The effects of pupil dilation in physical, social, and task attraction. Australian Scan: Journal of Human Communication, 7 & 8, 89–95.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. M., & Martin, M. M. (1995). The effects of communication motives, interaction involvement, and loneliness on satisfaction: A model of small groups. Small Group Research, 26, 118–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreassi, J. L. (2000). Psychophysiology: Human behavior and physiological response (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Argiolas, A., & Gess, G. L. (1991). Central functions of oxytocin. Neuroscience Biobehavioural Reviews, 15, 217–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-contact, distance, and affiliation. Sociometry, 28, 289–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arletti, R., Benelli, A., & Bertolini, A. (1992). Oxytocin involvement in male and female sexual behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 652, 180–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the expansion of the self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aron, A., Norman, C. C., Aron, E. N., McKenna, C., & Heyman, R. E. (2000). Couples' shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Barbato, C. A., & Perse, E. M. (1992). Interpersonal communication motives and the life position of elders. Communication Research, 19, 516–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. K., & Thomas, D. L. (1986). Dimensions of fathers' and mothers' supportive behavior: The case for physical affection. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 783–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, N. (2002). The science of romance: Secrets of the sexual brain. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A. J. (1948). Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, M., Priebe, S., Haering, B., & Adamczak, K. (1993). Long-term mental sequelae of political imprisonment in East Germany. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baum, M. J. (2002). Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the male. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 153–203). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumeister, R. F., & Wotman, S. R. (1992). Breaking hearts: The two sides of unrequited love. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Wotman, S. R., & Stillwell, A. M. (1993). Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 377–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A., & Wilmot, W. W. (1984). “Secret tests”: Social strategies for acquiring information about the state of the relationship. Human Communication Research, 11, 171–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). It's in our nature: Verbal aggressiveness as temperamental expression. Communication Quarterly, 45, 446–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Interpersonal communication as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm. In McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., Martin, M. M., & Beatty, M. J. (Eds.), Communication and personality: Trait perspectives (pp. 41–67). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (2000a). A few comments about communibiology and the nature/nurture question. Communication Education, 49, 25–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (2000b). Theory, scientific evidence, and the communibiological paradigm: Reflections of misguided criticism. Communication Education, 49, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Heisel, A. D. (1998). Communication apprehension as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm. Communication Monographs, 64, 197–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Valencic, K. M. (2001). The biology of communication: A communibiological perspective. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J. B. (2002). Hormonal influences in sensorimotor function. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 497–525). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J. B., & Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Introduction to behavioral endocrinology. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 3–38). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bell, R. A., Buerkel-Rothfuss, N. L., & Gore, K. E. (1987). “Did you bring the yarmulke for the cabbage patch kid?” The idiomatic communication of young lovers. Human Communication Research, 14, 47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, R. A., & Healey, J. G. (1992). Idiomatic communication and interpersonal solidarity in friends' relational cultures. Human Communication Research, 18, 307–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (1989). The relationship closeness inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 792–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F., & Pellegrini, A. D. (2002). The origins of human nature: Evolutionary developmental psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bombar, M. L., & Littig, L. W. (1996). Babytalk as a communication of intimate attachment: An initial study in adult romances and friendships. Personal Relationships, 3, 137–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonta, J., & Gendreau, P. (1995). Re-examining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life. In Flanagan, T. J. (Ed.), Long-term imprisonment: Policy, science, and correctional practice (pp. 75–84). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth-Butterfield, M., & Trotta, M. R. (1994). Attributional patterns for expressions of love. Communication Reports, 7, 119–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Attributions in marriage: Review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 3–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Attributions for behavior in marital interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 613–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, G. W. (1978). Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 56–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K. (1978). A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test. Human Communication Research, 4, 129–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K. (1995). Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), International and intercultural communication annual: Vol. 19. Intercultural communication theory (pp. 194–214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Allspach, L. E., & Miczo, N. (1997, February). Needs, expectancies, goals, and initial interaction: A view from interaction adaptation theory. Paper Presented to Western States Communication Association, Monterey, CA.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Coker, D. A., & Coker, R. A. (1986). Communicative effects of gaze behavior: A test of two contrasting explanations. Human Communication Research, 12, 495–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Dillman, L., & Stern, L. A. (1993). Adaptation in dyadic interaction: Defining and operationalizing patterns of reciprocity and compensation. Communication Theory, 4, 293–316.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1984). The fundamental topoi of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 51, 193–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1987). Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 54, 19–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, 58–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Poire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human Communication Research, 20, 67–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Poire, B. A. (1999). Nonverbal cues and interpersonal judgments: Participant and observer perceptions of intimacy, dominance, composure, and formality. Communication Monographs, 66, 105–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Manusov, V., Mineo, P., & Hale, J. L. (1985). Effects of eye gaze on hiring, credibility, attraction, and relational message interpretation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9, 133–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Newton, D. A. (1991). Applying a social meaning model to relational message interpretations of conversational involvement: Comparing observer and participant perspectives. Southern Communication Journal, 56, 96–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Newton, D. A., Walther, J. B., & Baesler, E. J. (1989). Nonverbal expectancy violations and conversational involvement. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 13, 97–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Stern, L. A., & Dillman, L. (1995). Interpersonal adaptation: Dyadic interaction patterns. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Walther, J. B. (1990). Nonverbal expectancies and the evaluative consequences of violations. Human Communication Research, 17, 232–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Walther, J. B., & Baesler, E. J. (1992). Interpretations, evaluations, and consequences of interpersonal touch. Human Communication Research, 19, 237–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1994). The strategies of human mating. American Scientist, 82, 238–249.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1999). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmidt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. G. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Calzada, E. J., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Self-reported parenting practices in Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers of young children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 354–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, J. M. (2005). Diagnostic assessment of Asperger's disorder: A review of five third-party rating scales. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caraway, S. J. (1998). Sexual coercion: Factors associated with women's reported experience of verbal coercion. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Dakota, 1998). Dissertation Abstracts International, 58 (9-B), 5109.Google Scholar
Carmichael, M. S., Humbert, R., Dixen, J., Palmiana, G., Greenleaf, W., & Davidson, J. M. (1987). Plasma oxytocin increase in the human sexual response. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 64, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmichael, M. S., Warburton, V. L., Dixen, J., & Davidson, J. M. (1994). Relationships among cardiovascular, muscular, and oxytocin responses during human sexual activity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23, 59–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, C. S. (1992). Oxytocin and sexual behavior. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 16, 131–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, C. S. (2002). Hormonal influences in human sexual behavior. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 205–222). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Carter, C. S., & Altemus, M. (1997). Integrative functions of lactational hormones in social behavior and stress management. In Carter, C. S., Lederhendler, I. I., & Kirkpatrick, B. (Eds.), The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 361–372). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Google ScholarPubMed
Chiodera, P., Salvarani, C., Bacchi-Modena, A., Spallanzani, R., Cigarini, C., Alboni, A., Gardini, E., & Coiro, V. (1991). Relationship between plasma profiles of oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin hormones during suckling or breast stimulation in women. Hormone Research, 35, 119–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christopher, S. E., Bauman, K. E., & Veness-Meehan, K. (1999). Measurement of affectionate behaviors adolescent mothers display toward their infants in neonatal intensive care. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 22, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrousos, G., & Gold, P. (1992). The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 1244–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, C. L., & Lubach, G. R. (2001). Social context and other psychological influences on the development of immunity. In Ryff, C. D. & Singer, B. H. (Eds.), Emotion, social relationships, and health (pp. 243–261). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Compton, M. V., & Niemeyer, J. A. (1994). Expressions of affection in young children with sensory impairments: A research agenda. Education and Treatment of Children, 17, 68–85.Google Scholar
Cosmides, L. L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In Barkow, J., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (Eds.), The adapted mind (pp. 163–228). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. (1997). Testosterone and pupillary response to auditory sexual stimuli. Physiology and Behavior, 62, 909–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dainton, M. (1998). Everyday interaction in marital relationships: Variations in relative importance and event duration. Communication Reports, 11, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1983). Sex, evolution, and behavior (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1985). Child abuse and other risks of not living with both parents. Ethology and Sociobiology, 6, 197–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine.Google ScholarPubMed
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1995). Discriminative parental solicitude and the relevance of evolutionary models to the analysis of motivational systems. In Gazzaniga, M. S. (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1269–1286). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1996). Violence against stepchildren. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damsma, G., Day, J., & Fibiger, H. C. (1989). Lack of tolerance to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. European Journal of Pharmacology, 168, 363–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damsma, G., Pfaus, J. G., Wenkstern, D., Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1992). Sexual behavior increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: Comparisons with novelty and locomotion. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species. London: J. Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872/1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Davis, J. (1984). Endorphins: New waves in brain chemistry. Garden City, NY: Dial Press.Google Scholar
Diego, M. A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, K., Friedman, L., & Ironson, G. (2001). HIV adolescents show improved immune function following massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience, 106, 35–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dillard, J. P., Solomon, D. H., & Palmer, M. T. (1999). Structuring the concept of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 66, 49–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, W. J. (1991). Beyond reactivity and the deficit model of manhood: A commentary on articles by Napier, Pittman, and Gottman. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 17, 29–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, V. C., & Javidi, M. (1990). Linking communication motives to loneliness in the lives of older adults: An empirical test of interpersonal needs and gratifications. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 18, 32–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, T. W., & Gordon, T. (1986). Men's perceptions of nurturing behavior in other men. Psychological Reports, 59, 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drescher, V. M., Whitehead, W. E., Morrill-Corbin, E. D., & Cataldo, M. F. (1985). Physiological and subjective reactions to being touched. Psychophysiology, 22, 96–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutton, D. G., & Aron, A. (1974). Some evidence for heightened sexual attraction under conditions of high anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 510–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eberly, M. B., & Montemayor, R. (1999). Adolescent affection and helpfulness toward parents: A 2-year follow-up. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 226–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1972). Similarities and differences between cultures in expressive movements. In Hinde, R. A. (Ed.), Non-verbal communication (pp. 294–314). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (Ed.). (1982). Emotion in the human face (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (1997). Should we call it expression or communication? Innovation, 10, 333–344.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usual, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Ellsworth, P. (1972). Emotion in the human face. New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Erbert, L. A., & Floyd, K. (2004). Affectionate expressions as face-threatening acts: Receiver assessments. Communication Studies, 55, 230–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escovar, P. L., & Lazarus, P. J. (1982). Cross-cultural child-rearing practices: Implications for school psychologists. School Psychology International, 3, 143–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feingold, A. (1992). Gender differences in mate selection preferences: A test of the parental investment model. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, C. A. (1964). Baby talk in six languages. American Anthropologist, 66, 103–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. (1977). Baby talk as a simplified register. In Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A. (Eds.), Talking to children (pp. 209–235). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fernald, A. (1989). Intonation and communicative intent in mothers' speech to infants: Is the melody the message? Child Development, 60, 1497–1510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, A. (1993). Approval and disapproval: Infant responsiveness to vocal affect in familiar and unfamiliar languages. Child Development, 64, 657–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, A., & Simon, T. (1984). Expanded intonation contours in mothers' speech to newborns. Developmental Psychology, 20, 104–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, T., Cullen, C., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sprinz, P., Beebe, K., Kissell, B., & Bango-Sanchez, V. (2001). Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 3, 1–5.Google Scholar
Field, T., Henteleff, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Martinez, E., Mavunda, K., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S. (1998). Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy. Journal of Pediatrics, 132, 854–858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2001). Sleep problems in infants decrease following massage therapy. Early Child Development and Care, 168, 95–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., LaGreca, A., Shaw, K., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (1997). Massage therapy lowers blood glucose levels in children with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Spectrum, 10, 237–239.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1930). The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1995). Gender and closeness among friends and siblings. Journal of Psychology, 129, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K. (1996). Communicating closeness among siblings: An application of the gendered closeness perspective. Communication Research Reports, 13, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997a). Brotherly love II: A developmental perspective on liking, love, and closeness in the fraternal dyad. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 196–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997b). Communicating affection in dyadic relationships: An assessment of behavior and expectancies. Communication Quarterly, 45, 68–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997c). Knowing when to say “I love you”: An expectancy approach to affectionate communication. Communication Research Reports, 14, 321–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1998). Evaluative and behavioral reactions to nonverbal liking behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Communication, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Floyd, K. (1999). All touches are not created equal: Effects of form and duration on observers' perceptions of an embrace. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 283–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2000a). Affectionate same-sex touch: Understanding influences on observers' perceptions. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 774–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2000b). Attributions for nonverbal expressions of liking and disliking: The extended self-serving bias. Western Journal of Communication, 64, 385–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2001). Human affection exchange: I. Reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their sons. Journal of Men's Studies, 10, 39–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2003). Human affection exchange: V. Attributes of the highly affectionate. Communication Quarterly, 50, 135–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2004). An introduction to the uses and potential uses of physiological measurement in the study of family communication. Journal of Family Communication, 4, 295–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (in press). Human affection exchange: Ⅻ. Affectionate communication is related to diurnal variation in salivary free cortisol. Western Journal of Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Reacting to nonverbal expressions of liking: A test of interaction adaptation theory. Communication Monographs, 66, 219–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Erbert, L. A. (2003). Relational message interpretations of nonverbal matching behavior: An application of the social meaning model. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 581–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., Erbert, L. A., Davis, K. L., & Haynes, M. T. (2005). Human affection exchange: XVI. An exploratory study of affectionate expressions as manipulation attempts. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Floyd, K., Haynes, M. T., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2005). The biology of human communication. Florence, KY: Thomson Learning.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Hess, J. A., Miczo, L. A., Halone, K. K., Mikkelson, A. C., & Tusing, K. J. (2005). Human affection exchange: VIII: Further evidence of the benefits of expressed affection. Communication Quarterly, 53, 285–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2002, November). Psychometric properties of the affectionate communication index in family communication research. Paper presented to National Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2004, May). Human affection exchange: IX. Neurological hemispheric dominance as a discriminator of behavioral reactions to expressed affection. Paper presented to International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Tafoya, M. A., Farinelli, L., Valley, A. G., Judd, J., Haynes, M. T., Davis, K. L., & Wilson, J. (in press). Human affection exchange: XIII. Affectionate communication accelerates neuroendocrine stress recovery. Health Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1997). Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors. Western Journal of Communication, 61, 279–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1998). The measurement of affectionate communication. Communication Quarterly, 46, 144–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000a). Affection received from fathers as a predictor of men's affection with their own sons: Tests of the modeling and compensation hypotheses. Communication Monographs, 67, 347–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000b). Reacting to the verbal expression of affection in same-sex interaction. Southern Journal of Communication, 65, 287–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2002). Human affection exchange: III. Discriminative parental solicitude in men's affection with their biological and nonbiological sons. Communication Quarterly, 49, 310–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2003). Human affection exchange: II. Affectionate communication in father-son relationships. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 599–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2005). Fathers' and sons' reports of fathers' affectionate communication: Implications of a naïve theory of affection. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morr, M. C. (2003). Human affection exchange: VII. Affectionate communication in the sibling/spouse/sibling-in-law triad. Communication Quarterly, 51, 247–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Parks, M. R. (1995). Manifesting closeness in the interactions of peers: A look at siblings and friends. Communication Reports, 8, 69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Ray, G. B. (in press). Adaptation to expressed liking and disliking in initial interactions: Response patterns for nonverbal involvement and pleasantness. Southern Journal of Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Ray, G. B. (2003). Human affection exchange: IV. Vocalic predictors of perceived affection in initial interactions. Western Journal of Communication, 67, 56–73.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Sargent, J. E., & Corcia, Di M. (2004). Human affection exchange: VI. Further tests of reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their sons. Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 191–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., & Tusing, K. J. (2002, July). “At the mention of your name”: Affect shifts induced by relationship-specific cognitions. Paper presented to International Communication Association, Seoul, South Korea.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Voloudakis, M. (1999a). Affectionate behavior in adult platonic friendships: Interpreting and evaluating expectancy violations. Human Communication Research, 25, 341–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Voloudakis, M. (1999b). Attributions for expectancy violating changes in affectionate behavior in platonic friendships. Journal of Psychology, 133, 32–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foa, U. G., Megonigal, S., & Greipp, J. R. (1976). Some evidence against the possibility of utopian societies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 1043–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallois, C. (1993). The language and communication of emotion: Universal, interpersonal, or intergroup? American Behavioral Scientist, 36, 309–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 573–644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Yeo, R. A. (1994). Facial attractiveness, developmental stability, and fluctuating asymmetry. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 73–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganong, W. F. (2001). Review of medical physiology (20th ed.). Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical.Google Scholar
Garnica, O. K. (1977). Some prosodic and paralinguistic features of speech to young children. In Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A. (Eds.), Talking to children (pp. 63–88). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gessa, G. L., Muntoni, F., Collu, M., Vargiu, L., & Mereu, G. (1985). Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Research, 348, 201–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giese, D. J., Sephton, S. E., Abercrombie, H. C., Duran, R. E. F., & Spiegel, D. (2004). Repression and high anxiety are associated with aberrant diurnal cortisol rhythms in women with metastatic breast cancer. Health Psychology, 23, 645–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1981). The contribution of marital happiness to global happiness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 161–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behavior. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Gough, H. G. (1957). Manual for the California Psychological Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., & Style, C. B. (1983). Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well being of the individual? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 122–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grammer, K. (1989). Human courtship behaviour: Biological basis and cognitive processing. In Rasa, A. E., Vogel, C., & Voland, E. (Eds.), The sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies (pp. 147–169). London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Gray, P. B., Kahlenberg, S. M., Barrett, E. S., Lipson, S. F., & Ellison, P. T. (2002). Marriage and fatherhood are associated with lower testosterone in males. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 193–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, V. A., & Wildermuth, N. L. (1993). Self-focus, other-focus, and interpersonal needs as correlates of loneliness. Psychological Reports, 73, 843–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenspan, F. S., & Baxter, J. D. (1994). Basic and clinical endocrinology. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.Google Scholar
Grewen, K. M., Girdler, S. S., Amico, J., & Light, K. C. (2005.). Effects of partner support on resting oxytocin, cortisol, norepinephrine, and blood pressure before and after warm partner contact. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 531–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, J. J., John, O. P., & Richards, J. M. (2000). The dissociation of emotion expression from emotion experience: A personality perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 712–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulledge, A. K., Gulledge, M. H., & Stahmann, R. B. (2003). Romantic physical affection types and relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyton, A. C. (1977). Basic human physiology: Normal function and mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Halberstadt, A. G. (1985). Race, socioeconomic status, and nonverbal behavior. In Siegman, A. W. & Feldman, S. (Eds.), Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 227–266). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Halberstadt, A. G. (1986). Family socialization of emotional expression and nonverbal communication styles and skills. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 827–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, J. L., & Burgoon, J. K. (1984). Models of reactions to changes in nonverbal immediacy. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 8, 287–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1974). Handbook for proxemic research. Washington, DC: Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison-Speake, K., & Willis, F. N. (1995). Ratings of the appropriateness of touch among family members. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Nearing, G., Shaw, S., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2001). Anorexia symptoms are reduced by massage therapy. Eating Disorders, 9, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hedge, G. A., Colby, H. D., & Goodman, R. L. (1987). Clinical endocrine physiology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., & Hart, S. (1999). Smoking cravings are reduced by self-massage. Preventive Medicine, 28, 28–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, H., Hossain, Z., & Burman, I. (2000). High blood pressure and associated symptoms were reduced by massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 4, 31–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Cullen, C., Beutler, J., Sanders, C., Weiner, W., Rodriguez-Bateman, D., Zelaya, L., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2002). Parkinson's disease symptoms are differentially affected by massage therapy versus progressive muscle relaxation: A pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 6, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, E. H. (1975). The role of pupil size in communication. Scientific American, 233, 110–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hess, J. A. (2003). Measuring distance in personal relationships: The relational distance index. Personal Relationships, 10, 197–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopper, R., Knapp, M. L., & Scott, L. (1981). Couples' personal idioms: Exploring intimate talk. Journal of Communication, 31, 23–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hróbjartsson, A., & Götzsche, P. C. (2001). Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21), 1594–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, Y., & Goldman, N. (1990). Mortality differentials by marital status: An international comparison. Demography, 27, 233–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, M., & Gove, W. R. (1981). Living alone, social integration, and mental health. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 48–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huston, T. L., Caughlin, J. P., Houts, R. M., Smith, S. E., & George, L. J. (2001). The connubial crucible: Newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 237–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huston, T. L., & Chorost, A. F. (1994). Behavioral buffers on the effect of negativity on marital satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Personal Relationships, 1, 223–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huston, T. L., & Vangelisti, A. L. (1991). Socioemotional behavior and satisfaction in marital relationships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 61, 721–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ickes, W. (1993). Empathic accuracy. Journal of Personality, 61, 587–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insel, T. R. (1997). A neurobiological basis of social attachment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 727–735.Google ScholarPubMed
Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Appleton.Google Scholar
Janov, A. (2000). The biology of love. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Johnston, V. S., & Franklin, M. (1993). Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, 183–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E. E., & Wortman, C. (1973). Ingratiation: An attributional approach. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F., Dear, K. B. G., Rodgers, B., & Christensen, H. (2003). Interaction between mother's and father's affection as a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 173–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jourard, S. M. (1966). An exploratory study of body-accessibility. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 221–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karney, B. R., Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Sullivan, K. T. (1994). The role of negative affectivity in the association between attributions and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 413–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, H. H. (1972). Attribution and social interaction. In Jones, E. E. et al. (Eds.), Attributions: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 1–26). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A., & Nasby, W. (1980). Splitting the reciprocity correlation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 249–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Groth, G., Trost, M. R., & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 951–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Sadalla, E. K., Groth, G., & Trost, M. R. (1990). Evolution, traits, and the stages of human courtship: Qualifying the parental investment model. Journal of Personality, 58, 97–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenrick, D. T., & Trost, M. R. (1987). A biosocial model of relationship formation. In Kelley, K. (Ed.), Females, males, and sexuality: Theories and research (pp. 58–100). Albany: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Kerver, M. J., Son, M. J. M., & Groot, P. A. (1992). Predicting symptoms of depression from reports of early parenting: A one-year prospective study in a community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 86, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. E., & Christensen, A. (1983). The relationship events scale: A Guttman scaling of progress in courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 671–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsch, I., & Sapirstein, G. (1998). Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo: A meta-analysis of antidepressant medication. Prevention & Treatment, 1, Article 0002a. Available on the World Wide Web: http://www.journals.apa.org/prevention/volume1/pre0010002a.html.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1989). Salivary cortisol in psychobiological research: An overview. Neuropsychobiology, 22, 150–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1994). Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19, 313–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komisaruk, B. R., & Whipple, B. (1989). Love as sensory stimulation: Physiological consequences of its deprivation and expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 927–944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krieger, D. (1973, August). The relationship of touch with intent to help or heal to subjects' in-vivo hemoglobin values: A study in personalized interaction. Paper presented to American Nurses' Association Ninth Nursing Research Conference, San Antonio, TX.Google Scholar
Kurup, R. K., & Kurup, P. A. (2003). Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric dominance, and neurobiology of love and affection. International Journal of Neuroscience, 113, 721–729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J., Charnov, E., & Levine, J. (1987). A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. In Lancaster, J., Altmann, J., Rossi, A., & Sherrod, L. (Eds.), Parenting across the lifespan: Biosocial dimensions (pp. 111–142). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Larsson, K., & Ahlenius, S. (1986). Masculine sexual behavior and brain monoamines. In Segal, M. (Ed.), Psychopharmacology of sexual disorders (pp. 15–32). London: Libbey.Google Scholar
Lawson, A. (1988). Adultery: An analysis of love and betrayal. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lim, T. S., & Bowers, J. W. (1991). Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact. Human Communication Research, 17, 415–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luecken, L. J., & Lemery, K. (2004). Early caregiving and adult physiological stress responses. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 171–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luginbuhl, J. E. R., Crowe, D. H., & Kaplan, J. P. (1975). Causal attributions for success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 86–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, K. (1992). Warmth as a developmental construct: An evolutionary analysis. Child Development, 63, 753–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, A., Henderson, A. S., & Andrews, G. (1993). Parental “affectionless control” as an antecedent to adult depression: A risk factor refined. Psychological Medicine, 23, 135–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manusov, V. (1990). An application of attribution principles to nonverbal behavior in romantic dyads. Communication Monographs, 57, 104–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manusov, V., Floyd, K., & Kerssen-Griep, J. (1997). Yours, mine, and ours: Mutual attributions for nonverbal behaviors in couples' interactions. Communication Research, 24, 234–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marieb, E. N. (2003). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology (7th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
McCabe, M. P. (1987). Desired and experienced levels of premarital affection and sexual intercourse during dating. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 23–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, M. M., & Becker, J. B. (2002). Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the female. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 117–151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McCroskey, J. C., & McCain, T. A. (1974). The measurement of interpersonal attraction. Speech Monographs, 41, 261–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J. (1981). Ethos and credibility: The construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, 32, 24–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDaniel, E., & Andersen, P. A. (1998). International patterns of interpersonal tactile communication: A field study. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 22, 59–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEwan, B. (1999). Stress and the brain. In Conlan, R. (Ed.), States of mind: New discoveries about how our brains make us who we are (PP. 81–102). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Mealy, L., Bridgestock, R., & Townsend, G. (1999). Symmetry and perceived facial attractiveness: A monozygotic twin comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 151–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metts, S., & Planalp, S. (2002). Emotional communication. In Knapp, M. L. & Daly, J. A. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.) (pp. 339–373). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Miczo, N., Allspach, L. E., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Converging on the phenomenon of interpersonal adaptation: Interaction adaptation theory. In Guerrero, L. K., DeVito, J. A., & Hecht, M. L. (Eds.), The nonverbal communication reader: Classic and contemporary readings (2nd ed.) (pp. 462–471). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.Google Scholar
Miller, W. B., Pasta, D. J., MacMurray, J., Chiu, C., Wu, S., & Comings, D. E. (1999). Genetic influences in childbearing motivation: A theoretical framework and some empirical evidence. In Severy, L. J. & Miller, W. B. (Eds.), Advances in population: Psychosocial perspectives (Vol. 3, pp. 53–102). London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Miller, W. B., Pasta, D. J., MacMurray, J., Muhleman, D., & Comings, D. E. (2000). Genetic influences on childbearing motivation: Further testing a theoretical framework. In Rodgers, J. L., Rowe, D. C., & Miller, W. B. (Eds.), Genetic influences on human fertility and sexuality: Theoretical and empirical contributions from the biological and behavioral sciences (pp. 33–66). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, W. B., & Rodgers, J. L. (2001). The ontogeny of human bonding systems: Evolutionary origins, neural bases, and psychological manifestations. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montagu, A. (1978). Touching: The human significance of the skin (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Montepare, J. M. (2004). Exploring interpersonal sensitivity: What, who, why, and to what end? Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 143–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (1998). “I love you, man”: Overt expressions of affection in male-male interaction. Sex Roles, 38, 871–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (1999). Affectionate communication between fathers and young adult sons: Individual- and relational-level correlates. Communication Studies, 50, 294–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (2002). A “changing culture of fatherhood”: Effects on affectionate communication, closeness, and satisfaction in men's relationships with their fathers and their sons. Western Journal of Communication, 66, 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. (2001). The evolutionists: The struggle for Darwin's soul. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Murphy, M. R., Checkley, S. A., Seckl, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (1990). Naloxone inhibits oxytocin release at orgasm in man. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 65, 1056–1063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, M. R., Seckl, J. R., Burton, S., Checkley, S. A., & Lightman, S. L. (1990). Changes in oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during sexual activity in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 65, 738–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, E. E., & Panksepp, J. (1998). Brain substrates of infant-mother attachment: Contributions of opioids, oxytocin, and norepinephrine. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 22, 437–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, R. J. (2000). An introduction to behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Nemeroff, C. B. (2004). Neurobiological consequences of childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 18–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Noller, P. (1978). Sex differences in the socialization of affectionate expression. Developmental Psychology, 14, 317–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, J. M., Raftery, M., Reeb, A., & Delaney, P. (1993). Perceptions of parent-offspring relationships as functions of depression in offspring: “Affectionless control,” “negative bias,” and “depressive realism.”Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 405–424.Google Scholar
Olson, M., & Sneed, N. (1995). Anxiety and therapeutic touch. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 16, 97–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oring, E. (1984). Dyadic traditions. Journal of Folklore Research, 21, 19–28.Google Scholar
Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., & Finkelman, L. (1998). A comparison of male and female college students' experiences of sexual coercion. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, W. F. (1987). The verbal expression of love by women and men as a critical communication event in personal relationships. Women's Studies in Communication, 10, 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, M. T., & Simmons, K. B. (1995). Communicating intentions through nonverbal behaviors: Conscious and unconscious encoding of liking. Human Communication Research, 22, 128–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panksepp, J. (1992). Oxytocin effects on emotional processes: Separation distress, social bonding, and relationships to psychiatric disorders. In Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J. D., Jirikowski, G. F., & Insel, T. R. (Eds.), Oxytocin in maternal, sexual, and social behaviors (pp. 243–252). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Parks, M. R. (1995). Ideology in interpersonal communication: Beyond the couches, talkshows, and bunkers. In Burleson, B. R. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 480–497). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46, 80–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1999). The effects of earlier intergenerational affection, normative expectations, and family conflict on contemporary exchanges of help and support. Research on Aging, 21, 73–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, R. J., Cox, E. O., & Kimboko, P. J. (1989). Satisfaction, communication and affection in caregiving: A view from the elder's perspective. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 13, 9–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J. D., Walker, C., Ayers, G., & Mason, G. A. (1994). Oxytocin activates the postpartum onset of rat maternal behavior in the ventral tegmental and medial preoptic areas. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 1163–1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8, 162–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, D. W. (1999). DRIVE: Neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of sexual motivation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pfaus, J. G., Damsma, G., Nomikos, G. G., Wenkstern, D. G., Blaha, C. D., Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1990). Sexual behavior enhances central dopamine transmission in the male rate. Brain Research, 530, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ploog, D. (1986). Biological foundations of the vocal expressions of emotions. In Plutchik, R. & Kellerman, H. (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience (Vol. 3, pp. 173–197). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1995). Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modification of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory. Psychophysiology, 32, 301–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1996). Physiological regulations in high-risk infants: A model for assessment and potential intervention. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 43–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1997). Emotion: An evolutionary by-product of the neural regulation of the autonomic nervous system. In Carter, C. S., Lederhendler, I. I., & Kirkpatrick, B. (Eds.), The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 65–82). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Google ScholarPubMed
Porges, S. W. (1998). Love: An emergent property of the mammalian autonomic nervous system. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 837–861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porterfield, S. P. (2001). Endocrine physiology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.Google Scholar
Prager, K. J., & Buhrmester, D. (1998). Intimacy and need fulfillment in couple relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 435–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1970). Early somatosensory deprivation as an ontogenetic process in the abnormal development of the brain and behavior. In Goldsmith, I. E. & Morr-Jankowski, J. (Eds.), Medical primatology (pp. 356–375). New York: S. Karger.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1971). Early somatosensory deprivation as an ontogenetic process in abnormal development of the brain and behavior. In Goldsmith, I. E. & Morr-Jankowski, J. (Eds.), Medical primatology (pp. 356–375). New York: S. Karger.
Prescott, J. W. (1973). Sexual behavior in the blind. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 7, 59–60.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1975). Body pleasure and the origins of violence. The Futurist, April, 64–74.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1976a). Phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of human affectional development. In Gemme, R. & Wheeler, C. C. (Eds.), Progress in sexology. Proceedings of the 1976 International Congress of Sexology (pp. 431–457). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1976b). Somatosensory deprivation and its relationship to the blind. In Jastrzembska, Z. S. (Ed.), The effects of blindness and other impairments on early development (pp. 65–121). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1979). Deprivation of physical affection as a primary process in the development of physical violence: A comparative and cross-cultural perspective. In Gil, D. G. (Ed.), Child abuse and violence (pp. 66–137). New York: American Orthopsychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1980). Somatosensory affectional deprivation (SAD) theory of drug and alcohol use. In Lettieri, D. J., Sayers, M., &. Pearson, H. W. (Eds.), Theories on drug abuse: Selected contemporary perspectives (pp. 286–302). Washington, DC: National Institute of Drug Abuse.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W., & Wallace, D. (1978). Role of pain and pleasure in the development of destructive behaviors: A psychometric study of parenting, sexuality, substance abuse and criminality. In Invited papers of the colloquium on the correlates of crime and the determinants of criminal behavior (pp. 229–279). McLean, VA: Mitre Corporation.Google Scholar
Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2004). Reported affectionate communication and satisfaction in marital and dating relationships. Psychological Reports, 95, 1154–1160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, W. H. (1983). Personal and family adjustment in later life. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 57–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowitz, F. E. (1991). The male-to-male embrace: Breaking the touch taboo in a men's therapy group. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 574–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rane, T. R., & Draper, T. W. (1995). Negative evaluations of men's nurturant touching of young children. Psychological Reports, 76, 811–818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2000, May). Nonverbal expressions of liking and disliking in initial interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Paper presented to Eastern States Communication Association, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Regan, P. C., Jerry, D., Narvaez, M., & Johnson, D. (1999). Public displays of affection among Asian and Latino heterosexual couples. Psychological Reports, 84, 1201–1202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, P. T., Tate, C. S., & Berman, P. W. (1989). Preschool children's self-presentation in situations with infants: Effects of sex and race. Child Development, 60, 710–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reissman, C., Aron, A., & Bergen, M. R. (1993). Shared activities and marital satisfaction: Causal direction and self-expansion versus boredom. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 243–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, P., Moos, F., & Freund-Mercier, M. J. (1991). Central effects of oxytocin. Physiological Review, 71, 331–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1990). Reliability and separation of factors on the assertiveness-responsiveness measure. Psychological Reports, 67, 449–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinck, C. M., Willis, F. N., & Dean, L. M. (1980). Interpersonal touch among residents of homes for the elderly. Journal of Communication, 30, 44–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996). Neurobehavioral mechanisms of reward and motivation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 228–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R. E. L., & Bengtson, V. L. (1996). Affective ties to parents in early adulthood and self-esteem across 20 years. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 96–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 173–220). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rotter, J. B., Chance, J. E., & Phares, E. J. (1972). Applications of a social learning theory of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Rubin, R. B., & Martin, M. M. (1998). Interpersonal communication motives. In McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., Martin, M. M., & Beatty, M. J. (Eds.), Communication and personality: Trait perspectives (pp. 287–307). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, R. B., Perse, E. M., & Barbato, C. A. (1988). Conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal communication motives. Human Communication Research, 14, 602–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. (1997). Individual and family factors contributing to mothers' and fathers' positive parenting. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, 111–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. E. (1991). Affectionate touch between fathers and preadolescent sons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 545–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samson, H. H., Hodge, C. W., Tolliver, G. A., & Haraguchi, M. (1993). Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on ethanol reinforced behavior: The involvement of the nucleus accumbens. Brain Research Bulletin, 30, 133–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanchez-Anguiano, A. (1999). Psychological effects of captivity among United States Navy aviators, Vietnam: A longitudinal study, 1974–1997. (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 1999). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60 (3-B), 1046.Google Scholar
Sapolsky, R. M. (2002). Endocrinology of the stress-response. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed., pp. 409–450). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Schachner, L., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Duarte, A., & Krasnegor, J. (1998). Atopic dermatitis symptoms decrease in children following massage therapy. Pediatric Dermatology, 15, 390–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, C., & SeiffgeKrenke, I. (1996). Perceptions of friendships and family relations in chronically ill and healthy adolescents: Quality of relationships and change over time. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 43, 155–168.Google Scholar
Schopler, J., & Layton, B. (1972). Determinants of the self-attribution of having influenced another person. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 326–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, N. C., & Schultz, C. L. (1987). Affection and intimacy as a special strength of couples in blended families. Australian Journal of Sex, Marriage & Family, 8, 66–72.Google Scholar
Schutz, W. (1958). FIRO: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Schutz, W. (1966). The interpersonal underworld. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.Google Scholar
Schuster, M. A., Beckett, M. K., Corona, R., & Zhou, A. J. (2005). Hugs and kisses: HIV-infected parents' fears about contagion and the effects on parent-child interaction in a nationally representative sample. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 173–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, G. E., & Russek, L. G. (1998). Family love and lifelong health? A challenge for clinical psychology. In Routh, D. K. & DeRubeis, R. J. (Eds.), The science of clinical psychology: Accomplishments and future directions (pp. 121–146). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaver, P., Hazan, C., & Bradshaw, D. (1988). Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In Sternberg, R. J. & Barnes, M. L. (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 68–99). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shuntich, R. J., Loh, D., & Katz, D. (1998). Some relationships among affection, aggression, and alcohol abuse in the family setting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 1051–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shuntich, R. J., & Shapiro, R. M. (1991). Explorations of verbal affection and aggression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 283–300.Google Scholar
Shute, B., & Wheldall, K. (1989). Pitch alterations in British motherese: Some preliminary acoustic data. Journal of Child Language, 16, 503–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, D. (1993). Adaptive significance of waist-to-hip ratio and female physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, D. E., Willis, F. N., & Gier, J. A. (1980). Success and interpersonal touch in a competitive setting. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 26–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. (1986). On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sodersten, P., Henning, M., Melin, P., & Ludin, S. (1983). Vasopressin alters female sexual behaviour by acting on the brain independently of alterations in blood pressure. Nature, 301, 608–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soler, C., Núñez, M., Gutiérrez, R., Núñez, J., Medina, P., Sancho, M., Álvarez, J., & Núñez, A. (2003). Facial attractiveness in men provides clues to semen quality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 199–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanier, G. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for measuring the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spence, J. E., & Olson, M. (1997). Quantitative research on therapeutic touch: An integrative review of the literature 1985–1995. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 11, 183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steward, A. L., & Lupfer, M. (1987). Touching as healing: The effect of touch on students' perceptions and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 800–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storey, A. E., Walsh, C. J., Quinton, R. L., & Wynne-Edwards, K. E. (2000). Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 79–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swain, S. (1989). Covert intimacy: Closeness in men's friendships. In Risman, B. & Schwartz, P. (Eds.), Gender in intimate relationships: A microstructural approach (pp. 71–86). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2000). An overview of the alexithymia construct. In Bar-On, R. & Parker, J. D. A. (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 41–67). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential to who we are and how we live. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Guring, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thibaut, J., & Kelley, H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1994). Human fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behavior. Psychological Science, 5, 297–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R., Gangestad, S. W., & Comer, R. (1995). Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry. Animal Behavior, 50, 1601–1615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toda, S., Fogel, A., & Kawai, M. (1990). Maternal speech to three-month-old infants in the United States and Japan. Journal of Child Language, 17, 279–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolstedt, B. E., & Stokes, J. P. (1983). Relation of verbal, affective, and physical intimacy to marital satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 573–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1992). Psychological foundations of culture. In BarkowCosmides, J. L., & Tooby, J. (Eds.), The adapted mind (pp. 19–36). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971 (pp. 136–179). Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Turner, R. A., Altemus, M., Enos, T., Cooper, B., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Preliminary research on plasma oxytocin in normal cycling women: Investigating emotion and interpersonal distress. Psychiatry, 62, 97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twardosz, S., Botkin, D., Cunningham, J. K., Weddle, K., Sollie, D., & Schreve, C. (1987). Expression of affection in day care. Child Study Journal, 17, 133–151.Google Scholar
Twardosz, S., Schwartz, S., Fox, J., & Cunningham, J. L. (1979). Development and evaluation of a system to measure affectionate behavior. Behavioral Assessment, 1, 177–190.Google Scholar
Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (1998). Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 819–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2003). The oxytocin factor: Tapping the hormone of calm, love, and healing. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.Google Scholar
Waite, L. J. (1995). Does marriage matter? Demography, 32, 483–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, A. R. (1858). On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 3, 53–62.Google Scholar
Wallace, D. H. (1981). Affectional climate in the family of origin and the experience of subsequent sexual-affectional behaviors. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 7, 296–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waring, E. M., McElrath, D., Lefcoe, D., & Weisz, G. (1981). Dimensions of intimacy in marriage. Psychiatry, 44, 169–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J. H., & Jackson, D. D. (1967). Pragmatics of human communication: A study of interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Weiner, B. (1985). “Spontaneous” causal thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 74–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F., & McLeod, P. J. (1989). Infant preference for both male and female infant-directed talk: A developmental study of attentional and affective responses. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 43, 230–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westermarck, E. A. (1921). The history of human marriage (5th ed.). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Whitcher, S., & Fisher, J. D. (1979). Multidimensional reaction to therapeutic touch in a hospital setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. A. (2000). Expressing affection: A vocabulary of loving messages. In Galvin, K. M. & Cooper, P. J. (Eds.), Making connections: Readings in relational communication (2nd ed.) (pp. 160–167). Los Angeles: Roxbury.Google Scholar
Williams, S. J., & Willis, F. N. (1978). Interpersonal touch among preschool children at play. The Psychological Record, 28, 501–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., & Hoffman, G. E. (1975). Development of tactile patterns in relation to age, sex, and race. Developmental Psychology, 11, 866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., & Reeves, D. L. (1976). Touch interactions in junior high students in relation to sex and race. Developmental Psychology, 12, 91–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., Reeves, D. L., & Buchanan, D. R. (1976). Interpersonal touch in high school relative to sex and race. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43, 843–847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., Rinck, C. M., & Dean, L. M. (1978). Interpersonal touch among adults in cafeteria lines. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 1147–1152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winslow, J. T., Hastings, N., Carter, C. S., Harbaugh, C. R., & Insel, T. R. (1993). A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Nature, 365, 545–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1991). Social status in pairs of male squirrel monkeys determines response to central oxytocin administration. Journal of Neuroscience, 11, 2032–2038.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, R. A. (1989). Brain dopamine and reward. American Review of Psychology, 40, 191–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, R. A. (1996). Neurobiology of addiction. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 243–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Walton, D. (1990). Central and peripheral effects of oxytocin administration in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Pharmacological and Biochemical Behavior, 37, 63–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witt, D. M., & Insel, T. R. (1991). A selective oxytocin antagonist attenuates progesterone facilitation of female sexual behavior. Endocrinology, 128, 3269–3276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, D. M., Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1992). Enhanced social interactions in rates following chronic, centrally infused oxytocin. Pharmacological and Biochemical Behavior, 43, 855–861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, J. T., & Inman, C. C. (1993). In a different mode: Masculine styles of communicating closeness. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 279–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Workman, L., & Reader, W. (2004). Evolutionary psychology: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., Brownlow, S., & Olson, K. (1992). Baby talk to the babyfaced. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 16, 143–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinger, I. (1999). The psychological effects of 60 days in administrative segregation. (Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University, 1999). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60 (6-B), 2932.Google Scholar
Aboyoun, D. C., & Dabbs, J. M. (1998). The Hess pupil dilation findings: Sex or novelty? Social Behavior and Personality, 26, 415–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acker, L. E., Acker, M. A., & Pearson, D. (1973). Generalized imitative affection: Relationship to prior kinds of imitation training. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 16, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acker, L. E., & Marton, J. (1984). Facilitation of affectionate-like behaviors in the play of young children. Child Study Journal, 14, 255–269.Google Scholar
Ågmo, A., & Berenfeld, R. (1990). Reinforcing properties of ejaculation in the male rat: Role of opioids and dopamine. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Young, E., Lewis, M. E., Khachaturian, H., & Walker, J. M. (1984). Endogenous opioids: Biology and function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 7, 223–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altemus, M., Deuster, E. G., Carter, C. S., & Gold, P. (1995). Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 2954–2959.Google ScholarPubMed
Amico, J. A., Johnston, J. M., & Vagnucci, A. H. (1994). Suckling induced attenuation of plasma cortisol concentrations in postpartum lactating women. Endocrinology Research, 20, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, P. A. (1983, May). Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. Paper presented to International Communication Association, Dallas, TX.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1984, April). An arousal-valence model of nonverbal immediacy exchange. Paper presented to Central States Speech Association, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1989, May). A cognitive valence theory of intimate communication. Paper presented to International Conference on Personal Relationships, Iowa City, IA.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A. (1992, June). Excessive intimacy: An account analysis of behaviors, cognitive schema, and relational outcomes. Paper presented to International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships, Orono, ME.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. A., Guerrero, L. K., Buller, D. B., & Jorgensen, P. F. (1998). An empirical comparison of three theories of nonverbal immediacy exchange. Human Communication Research, 24, 501–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P. A., Todd-Mancillas, W. R., & DiClemente, L. (1980). The effects of pupil dilation in physical, social, and task attraction. Australian Scan: Journal of Human Communication, 7 & 8, 89–95.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. M., & Martin, M. M. (1995). The effects of communication motives, interaction involvement, and loneliness on satisfaction: A model of small groups. Small Group Research, 26, 118–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreassi, J. L. (2000). Psychophysiology: Human behavior and physiological response (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Argiolas, A., & Gess, G. L. (1991). Central functions of oxytocin. Neuroscience Biobehavioural Reviews, 15, 217–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-contact, distance, and affiliation. Sociometry, 28, 289–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arletti, R., Benelli, A., & Bertolini, A. (1992). Oxytocin involvement in male and female sexual behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 652, 180–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the expansion of the self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aron, A., Norman, C. C., Aron, E. N., McKenna, C., & Heyman, R. E. (2000). Couples' shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Barbato, C. A., & Perse, E. M. (1992). Interpersonal communication motives and the life position of elders. Communication Research, 19, 516–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. K., & Thomas, D. L. (1986). Dimensions of fathers' and mothers' supportive behavior: The case for physical affection. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 783–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, N. (2002). The science of romance: Secrets of the sexual brain. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A. J. (1948). Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, M., Priebe, S., Haering, B., & Adamczak, K. (1993). Long-term mental sequelae of political imprisonment in East Germany. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baum, M. J. (2002). Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the male. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 153–203). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumeister, R. F., & Wotman, S. R. (1992). Breaking hearts: The two sides of unrequited love. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Wotman, S. R., & Stillwell, A. M. (1993). Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 377–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A., & Wilmot, W. W. (1984). “Secret tests”: Social strategies for acquiring information about the state of the relationship. Human Communication Research, 11, 171–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). It's in our nature: Verbal aggressiveness as temperamental expression. Communication Quarterly, 45, 446–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Interpersonal communication as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm. In McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., Martin, M. M., & Beatty, M. J. (Eds.), Communication and personality: Trait perspectives (pp. 41–67). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (2000a). A few comments about communibiology and the nature/nurture question. Communication Education, 49, 25–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (2000b). Theory, scientific evidence, and the communibiological paradigm: Reflections of misguided criticism. Communication Education, 49, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Heisel, A. D. (1998). Communication apprehension as temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm. Communication Monographs, 64, 197–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, M. J., McCroskey, J. C., & Valencic, K. M. (2001). The biology of communication: A communibiological perspective. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J. B. (2002). Hormonal influences in sensorimotor function. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 497–525). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J. B., & Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Introduction to behavioral endocrinology. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 3–38). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bell, R. A., Buerkel-Rothfuss, N. L., & Gore, K. E. (1987). “Did you bring the yarmulke for the cabbage patch kid?” The idiomatic communication of young lovers. Human Communication Research, 14, 47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, R. A., & Healey, J. G. (1992). Idiomatic communication and interpersonal solidarity in friends' relational cultures. Human Communication Research, 18, 307–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (1989). The relationship closeness inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 792–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F., & Pellegrini, A. D. (2002). The origins of human nature: Evolutionary developmental psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bombar, M. L., & Littig, L. W. (1996). Babytalk as a communication of intimate attachment: An initial study in adult romances and friendships. Personal Relationships, 3, 137–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonta, J., & Gendreau, P. (1995). Re-examining the cruel and unusual punishment of prison life. In Flanagan, T. J. (Ed.), Long-term imprisonment: Policy, science, and correctional practice (pp. 75–84). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth-Butterfield, M., & Trotta, M. R. (1994). Attributional patterns for expressions of love. Communication Reports, 7, 119–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Attributions in marriage: Review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 3–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Attributions for behavior in marital interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 613–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, G. W. (1978). Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 56–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K. (1978). A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test. Human Communication Research, 4, 129–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K. (1995). Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), International and intercultural communication annual: Vol. 19. Intercultural communication theory (pp. 194–214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Allspach, L. E., & Miczo, N. (1997, February). Needs, expectancies, goals, and initial interaction: A view from interaction adaptation theory. Paper Presented to Western States Communication Association, Monterey, CA.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Coker, D. A., & Coker, R. A. (1986). Communicative effects of gaze behavior: A test of two contrasting explanations. Human Communication Research, 12, 495–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Dillman, L., & Stern, L. A. (1993). Adaptation in dyadic interaction: Defining and operationalizing patterns of reciprocity and compensation. Communication Theory, 4, 293–316.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1984). The fundamental topoi of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 51, 193–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1987). Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 54, 19–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, 58–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Poire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human Communication Research, 20, 67–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Poire, B. A. (1999). Nonverbal cues and interpersonal judgments: Participant and observer perceptions of intimacy, dominance, composure, and formality. Communication Monographs, 66, 105–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Manusov, V., Mineo, P., & Hale, J. L. (1985). Effects of eye gaze on hiring, credibility, attraction, and relational message interpretation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9, 133–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Newton, D. A. (1991). Applying a social meaning model to relational message interpretations of conversational involvement: Comparing observer and participant perspectives. Southern Communication Journal, 56, 96–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Newton, D. A., Walther, J. B., & Baesler, E. J. (1989). Nonverbal expectancy violations and conversational involvement. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 13, 97–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Stern, L. A., & Dillman, L. (1995). Interpersonal adaptation: Dyadic interaction patterns. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Walther, J. B. (1990). Nonverbal expectancies and the evaluative consequences of violations. Human Communication Research, 17, 232–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., Walther, J. B., & Baesler, E. J. (1992). Interpretations, evaluations, and consequences of interpersonal touch. Human Communication Research, 19, 237–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1994). The strategies of human mating. American Scientist, 82, 238–249.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1999). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmidt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. G. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Calzada, E. J., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Self-reported parenting practices in Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers of young children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 354–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, J. M. (2005). Diagnostic assessment of Asperger's disorder: A review of five third-party rating scales. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caraway, S. J. (1998). Sexual coercion: Factors associated with women's reported experience of verbal coercion. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Dakota, 1998). Dissertation Abstracts International, 58 (9-B), 5109.Google Scholar
Carmichael, M. S., Humbert, R., Dixen, J., Palmiana, G., Greenleaf, W., & Davidson, J. M. (1987). Plasma oxytocin increase in the human sexual response. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 64, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmichael, M. S., Warburton, V. L., Dixen, J., & Davidson, J. M. (1994). Relationships among cardiovascular, muscular, and oxytocin responses during human sexual activity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23, 59–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, C. S. (1992). Oxytocin and sexual behavior. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 16, 131–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, C. S. (2002). Hormonal influences in human sexual behavior. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 205–222). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Carter, C. S., & Altemus, M. (1997). Integrative functions of lactational hormones in social behavior and stress management. In Carter, C. S., Lederhendler, I. I., & Kirkpatrick, B. (Eds.), The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 361–372). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Google ScholarPubMed
Chiodera, P., Salvarani, C., Bacchi-Modena, A., Spallanzani, R., Cigarini, C., Alboni, A., Gardini, E., & Coiro, V. (1991). Relationship between plasma profiles of oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin hormones during suckling or breast stimulation in women. Hormone Research, 35, 119–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christopher, S. E., Bauman, K. E., & Veness-Meehan, K. (1999). Measurement of affectionate behaviors adolescent mothers display toward their infants in neonatal intensive care. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 22, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrousos, G., & Gold, P. (1992). The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 1244–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, C. L., & Lubach, G. R. (2001). Social context and other psychological influences on the development of immunity. In Ryff, C. D. & Singer, B. H. (Eds.), Emotion, social relationships, and health (pp. 243–261). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Compton, M. V., & Niemeyer, J. A. (1994). Expressions of affection in young children with sensory impairments: A research agenda. Education and Treatment of Children, 17, 68–85.Google Scholar
Cosmides, L. L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In Barkow, J., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (Eds.), The adapted mind (pp. 163–228). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dabbs, J. M. (1997). Testosterone and pupillary response to auditory sexual stimuli. Physiology and Behavior, 62, 909–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dainton, M. (1998). Everyday interaction in marital relationships: Variations in relative importance and event duration. Communication Reports, 11, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1983). Sex, evolution, and behavior (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1985). Child abuse and other risks of not living with both parents. Ethology and Sociobiology, 6, 197–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine.Google ScholarPubMed
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1995). Discriminative parental solicitude and the relevance of evolutionary models to the analysis of motivational systems. In Gazzaniga, M. S. (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1269–1286). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1996). Violence against stepchildren. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damsma, G., Day, J., & Fibiger, H. C. (1989). Lack of tolerance to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. European Journal of Pharmacology, 168, 363–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damsma, G., Pfaus, J. G., Wenkstern, D., Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1992). Sexual behavior increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: Comparisons with novelty and locomotion. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species. London: J. Murray.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872/1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Davis, J. (1984). Endorphins: New waves in brain chemistry. Garden City, NY: Dial Press.Google Scholar
Diego, M. A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, K., Friedman, L., & Ironson, G. (2001). HIV adolescents show improved immune function following massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience, 106, 35–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dillard, J. P., Solomon, D. H., & Palmer, M. T. (1999). Structuring the concept of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 66, 49–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, W. J. (1991). Beyond reactivity and the deficit model of manhood: A commentary on articles by Napier, Pittman, and Gottman. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 17, 29–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, V. C., & Javidi, M. (1990). Linking communication motives to loneliness in the lives of older adults: An empirical test of interpersonal needs and gratifications. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 18, 32–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, T. W., & Gordon, T. (1986). Men's perceptions of nurturing behavior in other men. Psychological Reports, 59, 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drescher, V. M., Whitehead, W. E., Morrill-Corbin, E. D., & Cataldo, M. F. (1985). Physiological and subjective reactions to being touched. Psychophysiology, 22, 96–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutton, D. G., & Aron, A. (1974). Some evidence for heightened sexual attraction under conditions of high anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 510–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eberly, M. B., & Montemayor, R. (1999). Adolescent affection and helpfulness toward parents: A 2-year follow-up. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 226–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1972). Similarities and differences between cultures in expressive movements. In Hinde, R. A. (Ed.), Non-verbal communication (pp. 294–314). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (Ed.). (1982). Emotion in the human face (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. (1997). Should we call it expression or communication? Innovation, 10, 333–344.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usual, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Ellsworth, P. (1972). Emotion in the human face. New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Erbert, L. A., & Floyd, K. (2004). Affectionate expressions as face-threatening acts: Receiver assessments. Communication Studies, 55, 230–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escovar, P. L., & Lazarus, P. J. (1982). Cross-cultural child-rearing practices: Implications for school psychologists. School Psychology International, 3, 143–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feingold, A. (1992). Gender differences in mate selection preferences: A test of the parental investment model. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, C. A. (1964). Baby talk in six languages. American Anthropologist, 66, 103–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. (1977). Baby talk as a simplified register. In Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A. (Eds.), Talking to children (pp. 209–235). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fernald, A. (1989). Intonation and communicative intent in mothers' speech to infants: Is the melody the message? Child Development, 60, 1497–1510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, A. (1993). Approval and disapproval: Infant responsiveness to vocal affect in familiar and unfamiliar languages. Child Development, 64, 657–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, A., & Simon, T. (1984). Expanded intonation contours in mothers' speech to newborns. Developmental Psychology, 20, 104–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, T., Cullen, C., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sprinz, P., Beebe, K., Kissell, B., & Bango-Sanchez, V. (2001). Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 3, 1–5.Google Scholar
Field, T., Henteleff, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Martinez, E., Mavunda, K., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S. (1998). Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy. Journal of Pediatrics, 132, 854–858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2001). Sleep problems in infants decrease following massage therapy. Early Child Development and Care, 168, 95–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., LaGreca, A., Shaw, K., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (1997). Massage therapy lowers blood glucose levels in children with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Spectrum, 10, 237–239.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1930). The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1995). Gender and closeness among friends and siblings. Journal of Psychology, 129, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K. (1996). Communicating closeness among siblings: An application of the gendered closeness perspective. Communication Research Reports, 13, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997a). Brotherly love II: A developmental perspective on liking, love, and closeness in the fraternal dyad. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 196–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997b). Communicating affection in dyadic relationships: An assessment of behavior and expectancies. Communication Quarterly, 45, 68–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1997c). Knowing when to say “I love you”: An expectancy approach to affectionate communication. Communication Research Reports, 14, 321–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (1998). Evaluative and behavioral reactions to nonverbal liking behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Communication, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Floyd, K. (1999). All touches are not created equal: Effects of form and duration on observers' perceptions of an embrace. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 283–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2000a). Affectionate same-sex touch: Understanding influences on observers' perceptions. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 774–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2000b). Attributions for nonverbal expressions of liking and disliking: The extended self-serving bias. Western Journal of Communication, 64, 385–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2001). Human affection exchange: I. Reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their sons. Journal of Men's Studies, 10, 39–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2003). Human affection exchange: V. Attributes of the highly affectionate. Communication Quarterly, 50, 135–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (2004). An introduction to the uses and potential uses of physiological measurement in the study of family communication. Journal of Family Communication, 4, 295–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K. (in press). Human affection exchange: Ⅻ. Affectionate communication is related to diurnal variation in salivary free cortisol. Western Journal of Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Reacting to nonverbal expressions of liking: A test of interaction adaptation theory. Communication Monographs, 66, 219–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Erbert, L. A. (2003). Relational message interpretations of nonverbal matching behavior: An application of the social meaning model. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 581–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., Erbert, L. A., Davis, K. L., & Haynes, M. T. (2005). Human affection exchange: XVI. An exploratory study of affectionate expressions as manipulation attempts. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Floyd, K., Haynes, M. T., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2005). The biology of human communication. Florence, KY: Thomson Learning.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Hess, J. A., Miczo, L. A., Halone, K. K., Mikkelson, A. C., & Tusing, K. J. (2005). Human affection exchange: VIII: Further evidence of the benefits of expressed affection. Communication Quarterly, 53, 285–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2002, November). Psychometric properties of the affectionate communication index in family communication research. Paper presented to National Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Mikkelson, A. C. (2004, May). Human affection exchange: IX. Neurological hemispheric dominance as a discriminator of behavioral reactions to expressed affection. Paper presented to International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Tafoya, M. A., Farinelli, L., Valley, A. G., Judd, J., Haynes, M. T., Davis, K. L., & Wilson, J. (in press). Human affection exchange: XIII. Affectionate communication accelerates neuroendocrine stress recovery. Health Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1997). Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors. Western Journal of Communication, 61, 279–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1998). The measurement of affectionate communication. Communication Quarterly, 46, 144–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000a). Affection received from fathers as a predictor of men's affection with their own sons: Tests of the modeling and compensation hypotheses. Communication Monographs, 67, 347–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000b). Reacting to the verbal expression of affection in same-sex interaction. Southern Journal of Communication, 65, 287–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2002). Human affection exchange: III. Discriminative parental solicitude in men's affection with their biological and nonbiological sons. Communication Quarterly, 49, 310–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2003). Human affection exchange: II. Affectionate communication in father-son relationships. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 599–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2005). Fathers' and sons' reports of fathers' affectionate communication: Implications of a naïve theory of affection. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Morr, M. C. (2003). Human affection exchange: VII. Affectionate communication in the sibling/spouse/sibling-in-law triad. Communication Quarterly, 51, 247–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Parks, M. R. (1995). Manifesting closeness in the interactions of peers: A look at siblings and friends. Communication Reports, 8, 69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Ray, G. B. (in press). Adaptation to expressed liking and disliking in initial interactions: Response patterns for nonverbal involvement and pleasantness. Southern Journal of Communication.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Ray, G. B. (2003). Human affection exchange: IV. Vocalic predictors of perceived affection in initial interactions. Western Journal of Communication, 67, 56–73.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Sargent, J. E., & Corcia, Di M. (2004). Human affection exchange: VI. Further tests of reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their sons. Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 191–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, K., & Tusing, K. J. (2002, July). “At the mention of your name”: Affect shifts induced by relationship-specific cognitions. Paper presented to International Communication Association, Seoul, South Korea.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., & Voloudakis, M. (1999a). Affectionate behavior in adult platonic friendships: Interpreting and evaluating expectancy violations. Human Communication Research, 25, 341–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, K., & Voloudakis, M. (1999b). Attributions for expectancy violating changes in affectionate behavior in platonic friendships. Journal of Psychology, 133, 32–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foa, U. G., Megonigal, S., & Greipp, J. R. (1976). Some evidence against the possibility of utopian societies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 1043–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallois, C. (1993). The language and communication of emotion: Universal, interpersonal, or intergroup? American Behavioral Scientist, 36, 309–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 573–644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Yeo, R. A. (1994). Facial attractiveness, developmental stability, and fluctuating asymmetry. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 73–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganong, W. F. (2001). Review of medical physiology (20th ed.). Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical.Google Scholar
Garnica, O. K. (1977). Some prosodic and paralinguistic features of speech to young children. In Snow, C. E. & Ferguson, C. A. (Eds.), Talking to children (pp. 63–88). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gessa, G. L., Muntoni, F., Collu, M., Vargiu, L., & Mereu, G. (1985). Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Research, 348, 201–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giese, D. J., Sephton, S. E., Abercrombie, H. C., Duran, R. E. F., & Spiegel, D. (2004). Repression and high anxiety are associated with aberrant diurnal cortisol rhythms in women with metastatic breast cancer. Health Psychology, 23, 645–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1981). The contribution of marital happiness to global happiness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 161–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behavior. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Gough, H. G. (1957). Manual for the California Psychological Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., & Style, C. B. (1983). Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well being of the individual? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 122–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grammer, K. (1989). Human courtship behaviour: Biological basis and cognitive processing. In Rasa, A. E., Vogel, C., & Voland, E. (Eds.), The sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies (pp. 147–169). London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Gray, P. B., Kahlenberg, S. M., Barrett, E. S., Lipson, S. F., & Ellison, P. T. (2002). Marriage and fatherhood are associated with lower testosterone in males. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 193–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, V. A., & Wildermuth, N. L. (1993). Self-focus, other-focus, and interpersonal needs as correlates of loneliness. Psychological Reports, 73, 843–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenspan, F. S., & Baxter, J. D. (1994). Basic and clinical endocrinology. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.Google Scholar
Grewen, K. M., Girdler, S. S., Amico, J., & Light, K. C. (2005.). Effects of partner support on resting oxytocin, cortisol, norepinephrine, and blood pressure before and after warm partner contact. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 531–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, J. J., John, O. P., & Richards, J. M. (2000). The dissociation of emotion expression from emotion experience: A personality perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 712–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulledge, A. K., Gulledge, M. H., & Stahmann, R. B. (2003). Romantic physical affection types and relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyton, A. C. (1977). Basic human physiology: Normal function and mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Halberstadt, A. G. (1985). Race, socioeconomic status, and nonverbal behavior. In Siegman, A. W. & Feldman, S. (Eds.), Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 227–266). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Halberstadt, A. G. (1986). Family socialization of emotional expression and nonverbal communication styles and skills. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 827–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, J. L., & Burgoon, J. K. (1984). Models of reactions to changes in nonverbal immediacy. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 8, 287–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1974). Handbook for proxemic research. Washington, DC: Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison-Speake, K., & Willis, F. N. (1995). Ratings of the appropriateness of touch among family members. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Nearing, G., Shaw, S., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2001). Anorexia symptoms are reduced by massage therapy. Eating Disorders, 9, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hedge, G. A., Colby, H. D., & Goodman, R. L. (1987). Clinical endocrine physiology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., & Hart, S. (1999). Smoking cravings are reduced by self-massage. Preventive Medicine, 28, 28–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, H., Hossain, Z., & Burman, I. (2000). High blood pressure and associated symptoms were reduced by massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 4, 31–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Cullen, C., Beutler, J., Sanders, C., Weiner, W., Rodriguez-Bateman, D., Zelaya, L., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2002). Parkinson's disease symptoms are differentially affected by massage therapy versus progressive muscle relaxation: A pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 6, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, E. H. (1975). The role of pupil size in communication. Scientific American, 233, 110–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hess, J. A. (2003). Measuring distance in personal relationships: The relational distance index. Personal Relationships, 10, 197–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopper, R., Knapp, M. L., & Scott, L. (1981). Couples' personal idioms: Exploring intimate talk. Journal of Communication, 31, 23–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hróbjartsson, A., & Götzsche, P. C. (2001). Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21), 1594–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, Y., & Goldman, N. (1990). Mortality differentials by marital status: An international comparison. Demography, 27, 233–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, M., & Gove, W. R. (1981). Living alone, social integration, and mental health. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 48–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huston, T. L., Caughlin, J. P., Houts, R. M., Smith, S. E., & George, L. J. (2001). The connubial crucible: Newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 237–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huston, T. L., & Chorost, A. F. (1994). Behavioral buffers on the effect of negativity on marital satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Personal Relationships, 1, 223–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huston, T. L., & Vangelisti, A. L. (1991). Socioemotional behavior and satisfaction in marital relationships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 61, 721–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ickes, W. (1993). Empathic accuracy. Journal of Personality, 61, 587–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insel, T. R. (1997). A neurobiological basis of social attachment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 727–735.Google ScholarPubMed
Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Appleton.Google Scholar
Janov, A. (2000). The biology of love. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Johnston, V. S., & Franklin, M. (1993). Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, 183–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E. E., & Wortman, C. (1973). Ingratiation: An attributional approach. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F., Dear, K. B. G., Rodgers, B., & Christensen, H. (2003). Interaction between mother's and father's affection as a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 173–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jourard, S. M. (1966). An exploratory study of body-accessibility. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 221–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karney, B. R., Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Sullivan, K. T. (1994). The role of negative affectivity in the association between attributions and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 413–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, H. H. (1972). Attribution and social interaction. In Jones, E. E. et al. (Eds.), Attributions: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 1–26). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A., & Nasby, W. (1980). Splitting the reciprocity correlation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 249–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Groth, G., Trost, M. R., & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 951–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Sadalla, E. K., Groth, G., & Trost, M. R. (1990). Evolution, traits, and the stages of human courtship: Qualifying the parental investment model. Journal of Personality, 58, 97–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenrick, D. T., & Trost, M. R. (1987). A biosocial model of relationship formation. In Kelley, K. (Ed.), Females, males, and sexuality: Theories and research (pp. 58–100). Albany: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Kerver, M. J., Son, M. J. M., & Groot, P. A. (1992). Predicting symptoms of depression from reports of early parenting: A one-year prospective study in a community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 86, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. E., & Christensen, A. (1983). The relationship events scale: A Guttman scaling of progress in courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 671–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsch, I., & Sapirstein, G. (1998). Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo: A meta-analysis of antidepressant medication. Prevention & Treatment, 1, Article 0002a. Available on the World Wide Web: http://www.journals.apa.org/prevention/volume1/pre0010002a.html.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1989). Salivary cortisol in psychobiological research: An overview. Neuropsychobiology, 22, 150–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1994). Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19, 313–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komisaruk, B. R., & Whipple, B. (1989). Love as sensory stimulation: Physiological consequences of its deprivation and expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 927–944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krieger, D. (1973, August). The relationship of touch with intent to help or heal to subjects' in-vivo hemoglobin values: A study in personalized interaction. Paper presented to American Nurses' Association Ninth Nursing Research Conference, San Antonio, TX.Google Scholar
Kurup, R. K., & Kurup, P. A. (2003). Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric dominance, and neurobiology of love and affection. International Journal of Neuroscience, 113, 721–729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J., Charnov, E., & Levine, J. (1987). A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement. In Lancaster, J., Altmann, J., Rossi, A., & Sherrod, L. (Eds.), Parenting across the lifespan: Biosocial dimensions (pp. 111–142). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Larsson, K., & Ahlenius, S. (1986). Masculine sexual behavior and brain monoamines. In Segal, M. (Ed.), Psychopharmacology of sexual disorders (pp. 15–32). London: Libbey.Google Scholar
Lawson, A. (1988). Adultery: An analysis of love and betrayal. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lim, T. S., & Bowers, J. W. (1991). Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact. Human Communication Research, 17, 415–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luecken, L. J., & Lemery, K. (2004). Early caregiving and adult physiological stress responses. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 171–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luginbuhl, J. E. R., Crowe, D. H., & Kaplan, J. P. (1975). Causal attributions for success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 86–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, K. (1992). Warmth as a developmental construct: An evolutionary analysis. Child Development, 63, 753–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, A., Henderson, A. S., & Andrews, G. (1993). Parental “affectionless control” as an antecedent to adult depression: A risk factor refined. Psychological Medicine, 23, 135–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manusov, V. (1990). An application of attribution principles to nonverbal behavior in romantic dyads. Communication Monographs, 57, 104–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manusov, V., Floyd, K., & Kerssen-Griep, J. (1997). Yours, mine, and ours: Mutual attributions for nonverbal behaviors in couples' interactions. Communication Research, 24, 234–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marieb, E. N. (2003). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology (7th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
McCabe, M. P. (1987). Desired and experienced levels of premarital affection and sexual intercourse during dating. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 23–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, M. M., & Becker, J. B. (2002). Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the female. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.) (pp. 117–151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McCroskey, J. C., & McCain, T. A. (1974). The measurement of interpersonal attraction. Speech Monographs, 41, 261–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J. (1981). Ethos and credibility: The construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, 32, 24–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDaniel, E., & Andersen, P. A. (1998). International patterns of interpersonal tactile communication: A field study. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 22, 59–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEwan, B. (1999). Stress and the brain. In Conlan, R. (Ed.), States of mind: New discoveries about how our brains make us who we are (PP. 81–102). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Mealy, L., Bridgestock, R., & Townsend, G. (1999). Symmetry and perceived facial attractiveness: A monozygotic twin comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 151–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metts, S., & Planalp, S. (2002). Emotional communication. In Knapp, M. L. & Daly, J. A. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed.) (pp. 339–373). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Miczo, N., Allspach, L. E., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Converging on the phenomenon of interpersonal adaptation: Interaction adaptation theory. In Guerrero, L. K., DeVito, J. A., & Hecht, M. L. (Eds.), The nonverbal communication reader: Classic and contemporary readings (2nd ed.) (pp. 462–471). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.Google Scholar
Miller, W. B., Pasta, D. J., MacMurray, J., Chiu, C., Wu, S., & Comings, D. E. (1999). Genetic influences in childbearing motivation: A theoretical framework and some empirical evidence. In Severy, L. J. & Miller, W. B. (Eds.), Advances in population: Psychosocial perspectives (Vol. 3, pp. 53–102). London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Miller, W. B., Pasta, D. J., MacMurray, J., Muhleman, D., & Comings, D. E. (2000). Genetic influences on childbearing motivation: Further testing a theoretical framework. In Rodgers, J. L., Rowe, D. C., & Miller, W. B. (Eds.), Genetic influences on human fertility and sexuality: Theoretical and empirical contributions from the biological and behavioral sciences (pp. 33–66). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, W. B., & Rodgers, J. L. (2001). The ontogeny of human bonding systems: Evolutionary origins, neural bases, and psychological manifestations. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montagu, A. (1978). Touching: The human significance of the skin (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Montepare, J. M. (2004). Exploring interpersonal sensitivity: What, who, why, and to what end? Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 143–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (1998). “I love you, man”: Overt expressions of affection in male-male interaction. Sex Roles, 38, 871–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (1999). Affectionate communication between fathers and young adult sons: Individual- and relational-level correlates. Communication Studies, 50, 294–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (2002). A “changing culture of fatherhood”: Effects on affectionate communication, closeness, and satisfaction in men's relationships with their fathers and their sons. Western Journal of Communication, 66, 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. (2001). The evolutionists: The struggle for Darwin's soul. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Murphy, M. R., Checkley, S. A., Seckl, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (1990). Naloxone inhibits oxytocin release at orgasm in man. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 65, 1056–1063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, M. R., Seckl, J. R., Burton, S., Checkley, S. A., & Lightman, S. L. (1990). Changes in oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during sexual activity in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 65, 738–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, E. E., & Panksepp, J. (1998). Brain substrates of infant-mother attachment: Contributions of opioids, oxytocin, and norepinephrine. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 22, 437–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, R. J. (2000). An introduction to behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Nemeroff, C. B. (2004). Neurobiological consequences of childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 18–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Noller, P. (1978). Sex differences in the socialization of affectionate expression. Developmental Psychology, 14, 317–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, J. M., Raftery, M., Reeb, A., & Delaney, P. (1993). Perceptions of parent-offspring relationships as functions of depression in offspring: “Affectionless control,” “negative bias,” and “depressive realism.”Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 405–424.Google Scholar
Olson, M., & Sneed, N. (1995). Anxiety and therapeutic touch. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 16, 97–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oring, E. (1984). Dyadic traditions. Journal of Folklore Research, 21, 19–28.Google Scholar
Sullivan, L. F., Byers, E. S., & Finkelman, L. (1998). A comparison of male and female college students' experiences of sexual coercion. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, W. F. (1987). The verbal expression of love by women and men as a critical communication event in personal relationships. Women's Studies in Communication, 10, 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, M. T., & Simmons, K. B. (1995). Communicating intentions through nonverbal behaviors: Conscious and unconscious encoding of liking. Human Communication Research, 22, 128–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panksepp, J. (1992). Oxytocin effects on emotional processes: Separation distress, social bonding, and relationships to psychiatric disorders. In Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J. D., Jirikowski, G. F., & Insel, T. R. (Eds.), Oxytocin in maternal, sexual, and social behaviors (pp. 243–252). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Parks, M. R. (1995). Ideology in interpersonal communication: Beyond the couches, talkshows, and bunkers. In Burleson, B. R. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 18 (pp. 480–497). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46, 80–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1999). The effects of earlier intergenerational affection, normative expectations, and family conflict on contemporary exchanges of help and support. Research on Aging, 21, 73–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, R. J., Cox, E. O., & Kimboko, P. J. (1989). Satisfaction, communication and affection in caregiving: A view from the elder's perspective. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 13, 9–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, C. A., Caldwell, J. D., Walker, C., Ayers, G., & Mason, G. A. (1994). Oxytocin activates the postpartum onset of rat maternal behavior in the ventral tegmental and medial preoptic areas. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 1163–1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8, 162–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, D. W. (1999). DRIVE: Neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of sexual motivation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pfaus, J. G., Damsma, G., Nomikos, G. G., Wenkstern, D. G., Blaha, C. D., Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1990). Sexual behavior enhances central dopamine transmission in the male rate. Brain Research, 530, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ploog, D. (1986). Biological foundations of the vocal expressions of emotions. In Plutchik, R. & Kellerman, H. (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience (Vol. 3, pp. 173–197). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1995). Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modification of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory. Psychophysiology, 32, 301–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1996). Physiological regulations in high-risk infants: A model for assessment and potential intervention. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 43–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porges, S. W. (1997). Emotion: An evolutionary by-product of the neural regulation of the autonomic nervous system. In Carter, C. S., Lederhendler, I. I., & Kirkpatrick, B. (Eds.), The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 65–82). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Google ScholarPubMed
Porges, S. W. (1998). Love: An emergent property of the mammalian autonomic nervous system. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 837–861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porterfield, S. P. (2001). Endocrine physiology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.Google Scholar
Prager, K. J., & Buhrmester, D. (1998). Intimacy and need fulfillment in couple relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 435–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1970). Early somatosensory deprivation as an ontogenetic process in the abnormal development of the brain and behavior. In Goldsmith, I. E. & Morr-Jankowski, J. (Eds.), Medical primatology (pp. 356–375). New York: S. Karger.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1971). Early somatosensory deprivation as an ontogenetic process in abnormal development of the brain and behavior. In Goldsmith, I. E. & Morr-Jankowski, J. (Eds.), Medical primatology (pp. 356–375). New York: S. Karger.
Prescott, J. W. (1973). Sexual behavior in the blind. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 7, 59–60.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1975). Body pleasure and the origins of violence. The Futurist, April, 64–74.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1976a). Phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of human affectional development. In Gemme, R. & Wheeler, C. C. (Eds.), Progress in sexology. Proceedings of the 1976 International Congress of Sexology (pp. 431–457). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1976b). Somatosensory deprivation and its relationship to the blind. In Jastrzembska, Z. S. (Ed.), The effects of blindness and other impairments on early development (pp. 65–121). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1979). Deprivation of physical affection as a primary process in the development of physical violence: A comparative and cross-cultural perspective. In Gil, D. G. (Ed.), Child abuse and violence (pp. 66–137). New York: American Orthopsychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. (1980). Somatosensory affectional deprivation (SAD) theory of drug and alcohol use. In Lettieri, D. J., Sayers, M., &. Pearson, H. W. (Eds.), Theories on drug abuse: Selected contemporary perspectives (pp. 286–302). Washington, DC: National Institute of Drug Abuse.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W., & Wallace, D. (1978). Role of pain and pleasure in the development of destructive behaviors: A psychometric study of parenting, sexuality, substance abuse and criminality. In Invited papers of the colloquium on the correlates of crime and the determinants of criminal behavior (pp. 229–279). McLean, VA: Mitre Corporation.Google Scholar
Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2004). Reported affectionate communication and satisfaction in marital and dating relationships. Psychological Reports, 95, 1154–1160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, W. H. (1983). Personal and family adjustment in later life. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 57–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowitz, F. E. (1991). The male-to-male embrace: Breaking the touch taboo in a men's therapy group. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 574–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rane, T. R., & Draper, T. W. (1995). Negative evaluations of men's nurturant touching of young children. Psychological Reports, 76, 811–818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2000, May). Nonverbal expressions of liking and disliking in initial interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Paper presented to Eastern States Communication Association, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Regan, P. C., Jerry, D., Narvaez, M., & Johnson, D. (1999). Public displays of affection among Asian and Latino heterosexual couples. Psychological Reports, 84, 1201–1202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, P. T., Tate, C. S., & Berman, P. W. (1989). Preschool children's self-presentation in situations with infants: Effects of sex and race. Child Development, 60, 710–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reissman, C., Aron, A., & Bergen, M. R. (1993). Shared activities and marital satisfaction: Causal direction and self-expansion versus boredom. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 243–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, P., Moos, F., & Freund-Mercier, M. J. (1991). Central effects of oxytocin. Physiological Review, 71, 331–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1990). Reliability and separation of factors on the assertiveness-responsiveness measure. Psychological Reports, 67, 449–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinck, C. M., Willis, F. N., & Dean, L. M. (1980). Interpersonal touch among residents of homes for the elderly. Journal of Communication, 30, 44–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996). Neurobehavioral mechanisms of reward and motivation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 228–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R. E. L., & Bengtson, V. L. (1996). Affective ties to parents in early adulthood and self-esteem across 20 years. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 96–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 173–220). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rotter, J. B., Chance, J. E., & Phares, E. J. (1972). Applications of a social learning theory of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Rubin, R. B., & Martin, M. M. (1998). Interpersonal communication motives. In McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., Martin, M. M., & Beatty, M. J. (Eds.), Communication and personality: Trait perspectives (pp. 287–307). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, R. B., Perse, E. M., & Barbato, C. A. (1988). Conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal communication motives. Human Communication Research, 14, 602–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. (1997). Individual and family factors contributing to mothers' and fathers' positive parenting. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, 111–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. E. (1991). Affectionate touch between fathers and preadolescent sons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 545–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samson, H. H., Hodge, C. W., Tolliver, G. A., & Haraguchi, M. (1993). Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on ethanol reinforced behavior: The involvement of the nucleus accumbens. Brain Research Bulletin, 30, 133–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanchez-Anguiano, A. (1999). Psychological effects of captivity among United States Navy aviators, Vietnam: A longitudinal study, 1974–1997. (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 1999). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60 (3-B), 1046.Google Scholar
Sapolsky, R. M. (2002). Endocrinology of the stress-response. In Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M., Crews, D., & McCarthy, M. M. (Eds.), Behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed., pp. 409–450). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Schachner, L., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Duarte, A., & Krasnegor, J. (1998). Atopic dermatitis symptoms decrease in children following massage therapy. Pediatric Dermatology, 15, 390–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, C., & SeiffgeKrenke, I. (1996). Perceptions of friendships and family relations in chronically ill and healthy adolescents: Quality of relationships and change over time. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 43, 155–168.Google Scholar
Schopler, J., & Layton, B. (1972). Determinants of the self-attribution of having influenced another person. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 326–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, N. C., & Schultz, C. L. (1987). Affection and intimacy as a special strength of couples in blended families. Australian Journal of Sex, Marriage & Family, 8, 66–72.Google Scholar
Schutz, W. (1958). FIRO: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Schutz, W. (1966). The interpersonal underworld. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.Google Scholar
Schuster, M. A., Beckett, M. K., Corona, R., & Zhou, A. J. (2005). Hugs and kisses: HIV-infected parents' fears about contagion and the effects on parent-child interaction in a nationally representative sample. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 173–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, G. E., & Russek, L. G. (1998). Family love and lifelong health? A challenge for clinical psychology. In Routh, D. K. & DeRubeis, R. J. (Eds.), The science of clinical psychology: Accomplishments and future directions (pp. 121–146). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaver, P., Hazan, C., & Bradshaw, D. (1988). Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In Sternberg, R. J. & Barnes, M. L. (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 68–99). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shuntich, R. J., Loh, D., & Katz, D. (1998). Some relationships among affection, aggression, and alcohol abuse in the family setting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 1051–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shuntich, R. J., & Shapiro, R. M. (1991). Explorations of verbal affection and aggression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 283–300.Google Scholar
Shute, B., & Wheldall, K. (1989). Pitch alterations in British motherese: Some preliminary acoustic data. Journal of Child Language, 16, 503–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, D. (1993). Adaptive significance of waist-to-hip ratio and female physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, D. E., Willis, F. N., & Gier, J. A. (1980). Success and interpersonal touch in a competitive setting. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 26–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. (1986). On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sodersten, P., Henning, M., Melin, P., & Ludin, S. (1983). Vasopressin alters female sexual behaviour by acting on the brain independently of alterations in blood pressure. Nature, 301, 608–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soler, C., Núñez, M., Gutiérrez, R., Núñez, J., Medina, P., Sancho, M., Álvarez, J., & Núñez, A. (2003). Facial attractiveness in men provides clues to semen quality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 199–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanier, G. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for measuring the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spence, J. E., & Olson, M. (1997). Quantitative research on therapeutic touch: An integrative review of the literature 1985–1995. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 11, 183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steward, A. L., & Lupfer, M. (1987). Touching as healing: The effect of touch on students' perceptions and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 800–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storey, A. E., Walsh, C. J., Quinton, R. L., & Wynne-Edwards, K. E. (2000). Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 79–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swain, S. (1989). Covert intimacy: Closeness in men's friendships. In Risman, B. & Schwartz, P. (Eds.), Gender in intimate relationships: A microstructural approach (pp. 71–86). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2000). An overview of the alexithymia construct. In Bar-On, R. & Parker, J. D. A. (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 41–67). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential to who we are and how we live. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Guring, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thibaut, J., & Kelley, H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1994). Human fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behavior. Psychological Science, 5, 297–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R., Gangestad, S. W., & Comer, R. (1995). Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry. Animal Behavior, 50, 1601–1615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toda, S., Fogel, A., & Kawai, M. (1990). Maternal speech to three-month-old infants in the United States and Japan. Journal of Child Language, 17, 279–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolstedt, B. E., & Stokes, J. P. (1983). Relation of verbal, affective, and physical intimacy to marital satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 573–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1992). Psychological foundations of culture. In BarkowCosmides, J. L., & Tooby, J. (Eds.), The adapted mind (pp. 19–36). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971 (pp. 136–179). Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Turner, R. A., Altemus, M., Enos, T., Cooper, B., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Preliminary research on plasma oxytocin in normal cycling women: Investigating emotion and interpersonal distress. Psychiatry, 62, 97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twardosz, S., Botkin, D., Cunningham, J. K., Weddle, K., Sollie, D., & Schreve, C. (1987). Expression of affection in day care. Child Study Journal, 17, 133–151.Google Scholar
Twardosz, S., Schwartz, S., Fox, J., & Cunningham, J. L. (1979). Development and evaluation of a system to measure affectionate behavior. Behavioral Assessment, 1, 177–190.Google Scholar
Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (1998). Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 819–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2003). The oxytocin factor: Tapping the hormone of calm, love, and healing. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.Google Scholar
Waite, L. J. (1995). Does marriage matter? Demography, 32, 483–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, A. R. (1858). On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 3, 53–62.Google Scholar
Wallace, D. H. (1981). Affectional climate in the family of origin and the experience of subsequent sexual-affectional behaviors. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 7, 296–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waring, E. M., McElrath, D., Lefcoe, D., & Weisz, G. (1981). Dimensions of intimacy in marriage. Psychiatry, 44, 169–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J. H., & Jackson, D. D. (1967). Pragmatics of human communication: A study of interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Weiner, B. (1985). “Spontaneous” causal thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 74–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F., & McLeod, P. J. (1989). Infant preference for both male and female infant-directed talk: A developmental study of attentional and affective responses. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 43, 230–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westermarck, E. A. (1921). The history of human marriage (5th ed.). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Whitcher, S., & Fisher, J. D. (1979). Multidimensional reaction to therapeutic touch in a hospital setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, C. A. (2000). Expressing affection: A vocabulary of loving messages. In Galvin, K. M. & Cooper, P. J. (Eds.), Making connections: Readings in relational communication (2nd ed.) (pp. 160–167). Los Angeles: Roxbury.Google Scholar
Williams, S. J., & Willis, F. N. (1978). Interpersonal touch among preschool children at play. The Psychological Record, 28, 501–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., & Hoffman, G. E. (1975). Development of tactile patterns in relation to age, sex, and race. Developmental Psychology, 11, 866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., & Reeves, D. L. (1976). Touch interactions in junior high students in relation to sex and race. Developmental Psychology, 12, 91–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., Reeves, D. L., & Buchanan, D. R. (1976). Interpersonal touch in high school relative to sex and race. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43, 843–847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, F. N., Rinck, C. M., & Dean, L. M. (1978). Interpersonal touch among adults in cafeteria lines. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 1147–1152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winslow, J. T., Hastings, N., Carter, C. S., Harbaugh, C. R., & Insel, T. R. (1993). A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Nature, 365, 545–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1991). Social status in pairs of male squirrel monkeys determines response to central oxytocin administration. Journal of Neuroscience, 11, 2032–2038.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, R. A. (1989). Brain dopamine and reward. American Review of Psychology, 40, 191–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, R. A. (1996). Neurobiology of addiction. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 243–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Walton, D. (1990). Central and peripheral effects of oxytocin administration in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Pharmacological and Biochemical Behavior, 37, 63–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witt, D. M., & Insel, T. R. (1991). A selective oxytocin antagonist attenuates progesterone facilitation of female sexual behavior. Endocrinology, 128, 3269–3276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, D. M., Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1992). Enhanced social interactions in rates following chronic, centrally infused oxytocin. Pharmacological and Biochemical Behavior, 43, 855–861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, J. T., & Inman, C. C. (1993). In a different mode: Masculine styles of communicating closeness. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 279–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Workman, L., & Reader, W. (2004). Evolutionary psychology: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., Brownlow, S., & Olson, K. (1992). Baby talk to the babyfaced. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 16, 143–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinger, I. (1999). The psychological effects of 60 days in administrative segregation. (Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University, 1999). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60 (6-B), 2932.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Kory Floyd, Arizona State University
  • Book: Communicating Affection
  • Online publication: 02 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606649.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Kory Floyd, Arizona State University
  • Book: Communicating Affection
  • Online publication: 02 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606649.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Kory Floyd, Arizona State University
  • Book: Communicating Affection
  • Online publication: 02 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606649.010
Available formats
×