The book’s conclusion offers an alternative conceptualization of minority citizenship that remained after partition. It proposes that citizenship in these independent states cannot be conceived in terms of rights linking the nation-state to the individual. From the perspective of the minority, citizenship is a negative relationship of non-deportability: rather than political status, citizenship is a bureaucratic construction that prevents the state from deporting citizens, thereby turning citizenship for minority populations into a regime of mobility. Although this book confines the implications of such an analysis to the former British Empire, I further outline a path towards a door we are yet to open: research querying how bureaucratic population management shapes citizenships for minorities in the contemporary modern state.