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8 - Shear thickening

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

Jan Mewis  and
Norman J. Wagner
Jan Mewis
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Norman J. Wagner
Affiliation:
University of Delaware
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Summary

Introduction

A commonplace example of the phenomenon of shear thickening in suspensions is cornstarch. Mixed in water under the right conditions, it exhibits a well-known behavior: although it can flow under gravity and be stirred, when it is stirred fast or kneaded, it appears to nearly solidify and strongly resists stirring [1]. Upon a reduction in the stirring speed or applied stress, the material returns to its fluid-like state. Such aqueous dispersions of starch are commonly found in classroom demonstrations, as this remarkable rheological behavior continues to inspire very young students as well as accomplished scientists to inquire more deeply into the nature of multiphase flows.

In a seminal review of shear thickening in suspensions [2], Howard Barnes writes:

We shall find that so many kinds of suspensions show shear thickening that one is soon forced to the conclusion that given the right circumstances, all suspensions of solid particles will show the phenomenon. It is important to note also that in suspensions, the shear thickening is almost immediately reversible, that is to say as soon as the shear rate is decreased, the viscosity (however high it might be) immediately decreases.

Indeed, as discussed in Chapter 3, shear thickening is predicted and observed for dilute dispersions of hard spheres. Figure 3.1 demonstrates that shear thickening can lead to a viscosity higher than the zero shear viscosity, so that very high stresses are encountered in the high shear rate flow of colloidal dispersions. This can be a challenge to the processing of suspensions, limiting pumping, coating, and spraying operations as well.

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Colloidal Suspension Rheology , pp. 252 - 290
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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  • Shear thickening
  • Jan Mewis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Norman J. Wagner, University of Delaware
  • Book: Colloidal Suspension Rheology
  • Online publication: 05 December 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977978.011
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  • Shear thickening
  • Jan Mewis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Norman J. Wagner, University of Delaware
  • Book: Colloidal Suspension Rheology
  • Online publication: 05 December 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977978.011
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  • Shear thickening
  • Jan Mewis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Norman J. Wagner, University of Delaware
  • Book: Colloidal Suspension Rheology
  • Online publication: 05 December 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977978.011
Available formats
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