Introduction

Alexander L. Yarin; Ilia V. Roisman; Cameron Tropea

doi:10.1017/9781316556580.002

1 - Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 July 2017

Alexander L. Yarin ,

Ilia V. Roisman and

Cameron Tropea

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Alexander L. Yarin: Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago
Ilia V. Roisman: Affiliation:
Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany
Cameron Tropea: Affiliation:
Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany

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Summary

This introductory chapter overviews the fundamentals of collision phenomena in liquids and solids. It begins with the physical estimates in Section 1.1, which ascertain the conditions of the commonality of phenomena characteristic of liquid and solid collisions and the historical and modern reasons for deep interest in them. Before embarking on a discussion of the governing equations some basic dimensionless groups are introduced in Section 1.2. Then, the reader encounters the basic laws of mechanics of liquids and solids formulated as the mass and momentum balance equations in Section 1.3. The distinction between liquids and solids can stem from rheological constitutive equations, which are to be added to the basic laws. Two rheological models, of an inviscid and Newtonian viscous liquid, are introduced in Section 1.4, which transforms the basic laws to the Laplace equation for the kinematics of potential flows of inviscid fluids accompanied by the Bernoulli integral of the momentum balance, as well as to the Navier–Stokes equations describing general flows of viscous fluids, or in the limiting case, to the Stokes equations for the creeping flows dominated by viscosity. A special case of a strong short impact of solid onto any type of liquid reveals the potential impulsive motions introduced in Section 1.5. On the other hand, high-speed flows of low-viscosity liquids near a solid surface reveal traditional boundary layers, while near free liquid surfaces the other, less frequently discussed, boundary layers arise. Both types of the boundary layers and the corresponding equations are considered in Section 1.6. Geometric peculiarities of flows in thin liquid layers on solid surfaces allow for such simplifications as the quasi-one-dimensional and lubrication approximations discussed in Section 1.7. Special physical conditions exist at the moving contact line where liquid surface is in contact with both the underlying solid surface and the surrounding gas, which involves such issues as the Navier slip also covered in Section 1.7. The static configurations of sessile and pendant liquid drops, in particular their contact angles with solid surfaces, can be significantly affected by the surface texture and chemical composition – the group of questions elucidated in Section 1.8 and associated with wettability.

Type: Chapter
Information: Collision Phenomena in Liquids and Solids , pp. 1 - 43

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316556580.002 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2017

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