Processing speed and cognitive control show a negative correlation. The more automatic a behavior the less cognitive control is needed and the information is processed faster. Faster processing allows the system to integrate more content efficiently. The chapter uncovers how this interaction between processing speed and cognitive control is influenced by age; task type and complexity; targeted cognitive functions; and children’s language skills. Although the analysis of the relationship between processing speed and cognitive control reveals notable individual differences, monolingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD) generally perform slower than their typically developing peers, whereas bilingual children often outperform their monolingual peers in processing speed. Bilingual children with DLD provide an unparalleled opportunity to study the joint effects of bilingualism and DLD on processing speed. The preliminary findings suggest that bilingualism does attenuate the negative effects of DLD but only in simple task conditions.