Higher-Order Cognition and Intelligence

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511607073.008

7 - Higher-Order Cognition and Intelligence

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 November 2009

Edward Nęecka and

Jarosłlaw Orzechowski

Edited by

Robert J. Sternberg and

Jean E. Pretz

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Robert J. Sternberg: Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
Jean E. Pretz: Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

We define higher-order cognition as information processing phenomena in which the metacognitive factors of monitoring and control play the fundamental role. This term is practically synonymous with complex cognition, because compound problems rely on the processes of monitoring and control to much greater extent than simple problems do. In this chapter, we review the literature on the relationships between human intelligence and complex, higher-order information processing. First, we will discuss the criteria of complexity of cognitive tasks. Then, we will provide a selection of empirical data concerning intelligence and problem solving. A section will be devoted to the studies that directly address the problem of the role of metacognition in intelligence. The chapter ends with the discussion of basic methodological problems involved in the study of relationships between higher-order cognition and intelligence.

INTELLIGENCE AND COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY

Intelligence is frequently defined as the ability to solve complex problems (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986). According to Carlstedt, Gustafsson, & Ullstadius (2000), who commented on the results of the survey conducted by Linda Gottfredson (1997), two aspects of human intelligence appear essential: quick adaptation to new situations and efficient solution of complex cognitive tasks. Hence, to determine who is intelligent we need to work out the criteria based on either novelty or complexity. In practice, the complexity criterion is more frequently applied, at least in measurement, because novel tasks and situations are hard to arrange in controlled conditions of psychological assessment.

Type: Chapter
Information: Cognition and Intelligence
Identifying the Mechanisms of the Mind
, pp. 122 - 141

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607073.008 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

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