Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mechanistic basis for the therapeutic effectiveness of botulinum toxin A on over-active cholinergic nerves
- 3 Botulinum toxin: from menace to medicine
- 4 Botulinum toxin: primary and secondary resistance
- 5 Introduction to botulinum toxin in clinical practice
- 6 Cervical dystonia
- 7 The use of botulinum toxin in otolaryngology
- 8 Spasticity
- 9 Hyperhidrosis
- 10 Hypersalivation
- 11 Botulinum toxin type A for the prophylactic treatment of primary headache disorders
- 12 Botulinum toxin in the management of back and neck pain
- 13 Clinical uses of botulinum toxin
- 14 Bladder and bowel indications
- 15 Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin A
- 16 Other clinical neurological uses of botulinum toxin
- Index
- Plate section
- References
16 - Other clinical neurological uses of botulinum toxin
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mechanistic basis for the therapeutic effectiveness of botulinum toxin A on over-active cholinergic nerves
- 3 Botulinum toxin: from menace to medicine
- 4 Botulinum toxin: primary and secondary resistance
- 5 Introduction to botulinum toxin in clinical practice
- 6 Cervical dystonia
- 7 The use of botulinum toxin in otolaryngology
- 8 Spasticity
- 9 Hyperhidrosis
- 10 Hypersalivation
- 11 Botulinum toxin type A for the prophylactic treatment of primary headache disorders
- 12 Botulinum toxin in the management of back and neck pain
- 13 Clinical uses of botulinum toxin
- 14 Bladder and bowel indications
- 15 Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin A
- 16 Other clinical neurological uses of botulinum toxin
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction
This chapter will highlight some of the less common but nevertheless helpful uses of botulinum toxin for a variety of neurological conditions. The list of potential uses of botulinum toxin is growing each year and this chapter does not attempt to offer a completely comprehensive guide to every case report in every potential neurological condition. This chapter discusses the reasonably established use in the following conditions:
Tics
Myoclonus
Stiff person syndrome
Parkinson's disease
Tremor
Limb dystonia including occupational cramps
Each section will give a brief overview of the condition itself and then give some thoughts with regard to the place of botulinum toxin in the treatment of the condition. None of these conditions yet constitute a licensed indication for botulinum toxin type A or type B. Indeed the conditions and indications are so rare that it is unlikely that definitive trials will be undertaken in order to satisfy the licensing regulations. However, the lack of a license indication can still mean that botulinum toxin may be a useful addition to our therapeutic armoury in these conditions, which are often difficult to ameliorate.
Tics
Background
A tic is a sudden rapid recurrent non-rhythmic stereotyped motor movement or vocalization. Tourette's syndrome is characterized by both multiple motor and vocal tics. Tics are extremely common in childhood and some studies indicate a prevalence of up to a quarter of all children being affected at some point during their childhood.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Uses of Botulinum Toxins , pp. 349 - 374Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
, and (2003). Tics. Curr. Opin. Neurol., 16(4), 523–7.
, , et al. (2002). Tics and problem behaviors in schoolchildren: prevalence, characterization, and associations. Paediatrics, 110, 331–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2000). Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 22, 31–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (2002). Risperidone versus clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry, 41, 330–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2001). Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Neurology, 56, 605–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1994). Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics. Movement Disorders, 9, 347–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1999). Tics in Tourette syndrome: new treatment options. J. Child. Neurol., 14, 316–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2004). Treatment of phonic tics in patients with Tourette's syndrome using botulinum toxin type A. Neurol. Sci., 24(6), 420–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1996). Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome. Movement Disorders, 11(4), 431–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1998). Vocal tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome treated with botulinum toxin injections. Movement Disorders, 13(3), 617–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1993 ). Effectiveness of piracetam in cortical myoclonus. Movement Disorders, 8, 63–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2000). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for alcohol-sensitive myoclonus with dystonia. Neurology, 54(8), 1706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1994). Effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A against painful limb myoclonus of spinal cord origin. Movement Disorders, 9(2), 233–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1999). Stimulus-sensitive spinal segmental myoclonus improved with injections of botulinum toxin type A. Movement Disorders, 14, 182–5.3.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1999). Treatment of childhood myoclonus with botulinum toxin type A. J. Child. Neurol., 14, 781–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1998). Botulinum toxin treatment of essential palatal myoclonus tinnitus. J. Otolaryngol., 27, 213–16.Google Scholar
and (1993). The use of Clostridium botulinum toxin in palatal myoclonus. A preliminary report. J. Laryngol. Otol., 107(3), 208–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1996). Palatal myoclonus: treatment with Clostridium botulinum toxin injection. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 114(2), 317–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1956). Progressive fluctuating muscular rigidity and spasm (‘stiff man’ syndrome): report of a case and some observations in 13 other cases. Mayo Clin. Proc., 31(15), 421–7.Google Scholar
and (1991). Stiff-person syndrome: an autoimmune disease. Movement Disorders, 6, 12–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1997). Paraneoplastic neuromuscular syndromes. Neurol. Clin., 15, 597–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1998). Review of 23 patients affected by the stiff man syndrome: clinical subdivision into stiff trunk (man) syndrome, stiff limb syndrome, and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 65, 633–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, P. D. (1994). Stiff people. In and , eds., Movement disorders 3. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, pp. 373–405.Google Scholar
and (1997). Successful treatment of stiff man syndrome with intravenous immunoglobin. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 62, 426–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993). Significant improvement of stiff-person syndrome after paraspinal injection of botulinum toxin A. Movement Disorders, 8, 371–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1997). Botulinum toxin A improves muscle spasms and rigidity in stiff-person syndrome. Movement Disorders, 12, 1060–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2001). Dystonia and parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., 8, 109–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1997). Severe constipation in Parkinson's disease relieved by botulinum toxin. Movement Disorders, 12, 764–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2001). The effect of botulinum toxin injections to the calf muscles on freezing of gait in parkinsonism: a pilot study. J. Neurol., 248, 572–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1994). Botulinum toxin-A improves the rigidity of progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann. Neurol., 35(2), 237–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1995). Botulinum toxin A for spasticity, muscle spasms, and rigidity. Neurology, 45, 712–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2001). Dystonia in corticobasal degeneration. Movement Disorders, 16(2), 252–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2002). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor. Neurology, 59, 132–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2003). Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. Ann. Pharmacother., 37, 282–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2003). Olanzapine efficacy in the treatment of essential tremor. Eur. J. Neurol., 10(1), 79–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2003). Beta-blocker therapy for tremor in Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1): CD003361.Google ScholarPubMed
, , and (1985). Controlled trial of isoniazid therapy for severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 35, 1374–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2002). Bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of head tremor: Report of two cases. J. Neurosurg., 96, 615–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1996). Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders. J. Neurosurg., 84, 203–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1995). Botulinum toxin treatment of essential head tremor. Neurology, 45(4), 822–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1996). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Movement Disorders, 11, 250–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2001). A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Neurology, 56, 1523–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2000). Botulinum toxin treatment for functional disability induced by essential tremor. Neurol. Sci., 21, 349–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1997). Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin treatment in 43 patients with head tremor. Movement Disorders, 12(5), 722–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2000). Botulinum toxin injections for essential voice tremor. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 109, 204–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1993). Successful treatment of hereditary trembling chin with botulinum toxin. J. Child. Neurol., 8, 154–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1994). Laryngeal botulinum toxin injections for disabling stuttering in adults. Neurology, 44, 2262–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1982). Writer's cramp – a focal dystonia. Brain, 105(Pt. 3), 461–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2004). An epidemiologic survey of dystonia within the entire population of northeast England over the past nine years. Advances in Neurology, 94, 95–9.Google ScholarPubMed
(1991). Writer's cramp: the experience with botulinum toxin injections in 25 patients. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 74(5), 239–47.Google ScholarPubMed
, and (1991). Writer's cramp: treatment with botulinum toxin injections. Movement Disorders, 6(1), 55–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1993). Botulinum toxin in the treatment of writer's cramp: a double-blind study. Neurology, 43(1), 183–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1995). Double-blind trial of botulinum toxin for treatment of focal hand dystonia. Movement Disorders, 4, 466–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1992). Botulinum toxin therapy for limb dystonias. Neurology, 42, 627–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed