Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T23:33:39.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 13 - To Scan or Not to Scan

Neuroimaging in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

from Section 2 - Assessment and Investigations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2020

Julian C. Hughes
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Philippa Lilford
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, University of Bristol
Get access

Summary

There is currently a huge variation in clinical practice as to whether patients being assessed for dementia undergo neuroimaging. With an ageing population it is likely that there will be greater pressures on psychogeriatric services, so accurate assessment, diagnosis, and prompt treatment will be required. This chapter will examine the evidence for the use of different neuroimaging techniques in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Office for National Statistics. Living Longer: How Our Population Is Changing and Why It Matters. ONS, 2018. Last accessed on 3 October 2019 via: www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/ageing/articles/livinglongerhowourpopulationischangingandwhyitmatters/2018-08-13Google Scholar
Prince, M, Knapp, M, Guerchet, M, et al. Dementia UK Update. Alzheimer’s Society, 2014. Last accessed on 3 October 2019 via: www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/policy-and-influencing/dementia-uk-reportGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Dementia: Assessment, Management and Support for People Living with Dementia and Their Carers. NICE Guideline 97. NICE, 2018. Last accessed on 3 October 2019 via: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97/resources/dementia-assessment-management-and-support-for-people-living-with-dementia-and-their-carers-pdf-1837760199109Google Scholar
McKhann, G, Drachma, D, Folstein, M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939–44.Google Scholar
Knopman, DS, DeKosky, ST, Cummings, JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Neurology 2001; 56: 1143–53.Google Scholar
McKhann, GM, Knopmanc, DS, Howard, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 263–9. DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005Google Scholar
Petrella, JR, Coleman, RE, Doraiswamy, PM. Neuroimaging and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a look into the future. Radiology 2003; 226: 315–36.Google Scholar
O’Brien, JT, Barber, B. Neuroimaging in dementia and depression. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2000; 6: 109–19.Google Scholar
O’Brien, JT (2007) Role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of dementia. British Journal of Radiology 80: S71–7.Google Scholar
Davatzikos, C, Bhatt, P, Sha, LM, et al. Prediction of MCI to AD conversion, via MRI, CSF biomarkers and pattern classification. Neurobiology of Aging 2011; 32: e2322.1927.Google Scholar
Kantarci, K, Jack, CR Jr. Neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease: an evidence-based review. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 2003; 13: 197209.Google Scholar
Jagust, W, Thisted, R, Devous, S, et al. SPECT perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2001; 56: 950–6.Google Scholar
Quigley, H, Colloby, S, O’Brien, T. PET imaging of brain amyloid in dementia: a review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010; 26: 991–9.Google Scholar
O’Brien, JT, Firbank, MJ, Davison, C, et al. 18F-FDG PET and perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of Alzheimer and Lewy body dementias. J Nucl Med 2014; 55: 1959–65. DOI:10.2967/jnumed.114.143347Google Scholar
Bamford, C, Olsen, K, Davison, C, et al. Is there a preference for PET or SPECT brain imaging in diagnosing dementia? The views of people with dementia, carers, and healthy controls. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:1, 123–31. DOI:10.1017/S1041610215001039Google Scholar
Herholz, K, Carter, SF, Jones, M. Positron emission tomography imaging in dementia. Br J Radiol 2007; 80 (Spec No 2): S160–7.Google Scholar
Lashley, T, Schott, JM, Weston, P, et al. Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11(5): dmm031781.Google Scholar
Wolk, DA, Sadowsky, C, Safirstein, B, et al. Use of flutemetamol F 18–labeled positron emission tomography and other biomarkers to assess risk of clinical progression in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. JAMA Neurol 2018; 75: 11141123. DOI:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0894Google Scholar
Rabinovici, GD, Gatsonis, C, Apgar, C, et al. Association of amyloid positron emission tomography with subsequent change in clinical management among Medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. JAMA 2019; 321: 12861294. DOI:10.1001/jama.2019.2000Google Scholar
Román, GC, Tatemichi, TK, Erkinjuntti, T et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993; 43: 250–60.Google Scholar
Gold, G, Giannakopoulos, P, Montes-Paixao, JC, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia. Neurology 1997; 49: 690–4.Google Scholar
Shim, YS, Yang, DW, Kim, BS, et al. Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in two subsets of subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia: statistical parametric mapping analysis of SPECT. Journal of Neurological Sciences 2006; 250:8591.Google Scholar
Pascual, B, Prieto, E, Arbizu, J, et al. Brain glucose metabolism in vascular white matter disease with dementia: differentiation from Alzheimer disease. Stroke 2010; 41: 2889–93.Google Scholar
McKeith, IG, Boeve, BF, Dickson, DW, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 2017; 89: 88100. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004058CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, R, Blamire, AM, O’Brien, JT. Magnetic resonance imaging in Lewy body dementias. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009; 28:493506.Google Scholar
Walker, RWH, Walker, Z. Dopamine transporter single photon emission computerized tomography in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Movement Disorders 2009; 24 (suppl 2): S754–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKeith, I, O’Brien, J, Walker, Z, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of dopamine transporter imaging with 123IFP-CIT SPECT in dementia with Lewy bodies: a phase III, multicentre study. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 305–13.Google Scholar
Brooks, DJ. Imaging amyloid in Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies with positron emission tomography. Movement Disorders 2009; 24 (suppl 2): S742–7.Google Scholar
Lim, SM, Katsifis, A, Villemang, A, et al. The 18F-FDG PET Cingulate Island sign and comparison to [123]I-Beta-CIT SPECT for diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Nucl Med 2009; 50: 1638–45.Google Scholar
O’Brien, JT, Firbank, MJ, Davison, C, et al. 18F-FDG PET and perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of Alzheimer and Lewy body dementias J Nucl Med 2014; 55: 1959–65. DOI:10.2967/jnumed.114.143347Google Scholar
Rascovsky, K, Hodges, JR, Knopman, D, et al. Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2011; 134: 2456–77. DOI:10.1093/brain/awr179Google Scholar
Hodges, JR. Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease): clinical features and assessment. Neurology 2001; 56 (suppl 4): S6S10.Google Scholar
Lovestone, S. Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (including pseudodementias). In Lishman’s Organic Psychiatry: A Textbook of Neuropsychiatry (4th ed.)(eds. David, A, Fleminger, S, Kopelman, M, Lovestone, S, Mellers, J): 543615. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Tissue Infectivity Distribution in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalitis (WL 300). WHO, 2006. Last accessed on 15 October 2019 via: www.who.int/bloodproducts/TSEPUBLISHEDREPORT.pdfGoogle Scholar
Collie, DA, Summers, DM, Sellar, RJ, et al. Diagnosing variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with the pulvinar sign: MR imaging findings in 86 neuropathologically confirmed cases. Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24: 1560–9.Google Scholar
Mishina, M, Ishii, K, Mitani, K, et al. Midbrain hypometabolism as early diagnostic sign for progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110: 128–35.Google Scholar
Ganguli, M, Dodge, HH, Shen, C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: an epidemiologic study. Neurology 2004; 63: 115–21.Google Scholar
Whitwell, JL, Przybelski, SA, Weigand, SD, et al. 3D maps from multiple MRI illustrate changing atrophy patterns as subjects progress from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2007; 130: 1777–86.Google Scholar
Devanand, DP, Pradhaban, G, Liu, X, et al. Hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: prediction of Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007; 68: 828–36.Google Scholar
Stanton, LR, Coetzee, RH. Down’s syndrome and dementia. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2004; 10: 50–8.Google Scholar
Moss, S, Patel, P. The prevalence of mental illness in people with intellectual disability over 50 years of age, and the diagnostic importance of information from carers. Ir J Psychol Med 1993; 14: 110–29.Google Scholar
Strydom, A, Hassiotis, A, Walker, Z. Clinical use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. Ir J Psychol Med 2002; 19: 60–3.Google Scholar
King’s College London, London School of Economics. Dementia UK: The Full Report. Alzheimer’s Society, 2007. Last accessed on 15 October 2019 via: www.alzheimers.org.uk/sites/default/files/2018-10/Dementia_UK_Full_Report_2007.pdf?fileID=2Google Scholar
Frisoni, GB, Pievani, M, Testa, C, et al. The topography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2007; 130: 720–30.Google Scholar
Kemp, PM, Holmes, C, Hoffman, SMA, et al. Alzheimer’s disease: differences in technetium-99m HMPAO SPECT scan findings between early onset and late onset dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 715–9.Google Scholar
Cho, MJ, Lyoo, IK, Lee, DW, et al. Brain single photon emission computed tomography findings in depressive pseudodementia patients. J Affect Disord 2002; 69: 159–66. Google Scholar
Neary, D, Snowden, JS, Gustafson, L, et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1998; 51: 1546–54.Google Scholar
Varma, AR, Snowden, JS, Lloyd, JJ, et al. Evaluation of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria in the differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 66: 184–8.Google Scholar
Blennow, K, De Leon, MJ, Zetterberg, H. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 2006; 368:387403.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×