Thus far we have discussed how clinicians are the primary if not sole evaluators and decision-makers when it comes to devising treatment recommendations. Shared decision-making (SDM) is a not-so-new but increasingly recognized form of patient-centered care in which a patient and their clinician actively collaborate to determine which treatment options are most consistent with the patient’s own values, priorities and goals. As described originally by Charles et al. (1997) and later expanded on by Elwyn et al. (2012), an SDM model first involves introducing choice followed by describing options (sometimes using patient decision-support tools – such as charts, graphs, brochures, interactive websites, or audiovisual materials) followed by helping patients explore their preferences in order to make the best decisions for them. Greater focus is placed on the patient’s own narrative and personal experience as influencing treatment decisions, rather than on general diagnostic issues or outcomes.