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Chapter 32 - Physiological MR to evaluate HIV-associated brain disorders

from Section 4 - Infection, inflammation and demyelination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Linda Chang  and
Thomas Ernst
Edited by
Jonathan H. Gillard ,
Adam D. Waldman  and
Peter B. Barker
Jonathan H. Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Adam D. Waldman
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Summary

Introduction

Physiological MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are highly sensitive, objective, non-invasive techniques to monitor the severity of brain injury as well as the effects of treatments. As MR techniques have no radiation, they are ideal for monitoring progression of disease or treatment effects when repeat measurements are needed. Several recent MR techniques, including proton MRS, functional MRI (fMRI), and physiological MR techniques such as diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) magnetization transfer (MT), MRI-weighted and perfusion MRI (PWI), have all been applied to evaluate brain injury and opportunistic infections or tumors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since most of these techniques are available on commercial MR scanners, they are particularly suitable for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring treatment effects.

This chapter delineates salient features of HIV-associated brain injury (both in HIV dementia and neuroasymptomatic individuals) on MRS and physiological MRI, as well as opportunistic infections associated with HIV. Future directions for the applications of these studies to evaluate the pathophysiology of HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) injury and for treatment monitoring will be discussed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Neuroimaging
Physiological and Functional Techniques
 , pp. 501 - 518
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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