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Chapter 29 - Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging of intracranial infection

from Section 4 - Infection, inflammation and demyelination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Christopher G. Filippi
Edited by
Jonathan H. Gillard ,
Adam D. Waldman  and
Peter B. Barker
Jonathan H. Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Adam D. Waldman
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Summary

Introduction

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is now part of the routine brain MRI protocol at many institutions. The principles and techniques for DWI are covered in detail in Chs. 4–6. Diffusion-weighted sequences are sensitive to the microscopic motion of water molecules and use the incoherent motion of water molecules as tissue contrast. Alterations in the degree of diffusion reflect alterations in the microscopic environment of these water molecules. It is reasonable to infer that the changes in diffusion reflect changes at the scale of cellular and extracellular structures of the brain.[2]

The high sensitivity and specificity of echo planar DWI in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction is widely known.[3–6] Reduced diffusion observed during an acute infarct is thought to represent cytotoxic edema and contraction of the extracellular space.[3–6]

The translational motion of water in brain tissue is the basis of clinical diffusion-weighted MRI DWI.[7,8] Diffusing molecules within brain tissue will be impeded or influenced by the interaction with cell membranes and other intracellular and extracellular structures.[7]

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Neuroimaging
Physiological and Functional Techniques
 , pp. 456 - 474
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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