Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- 114 Advice for Travelers
- 115 Fever in the Returning Traveler
- 116 Systemic Infection from Animals
- 117 Tick-Borne Disease
- 118 Recreational Water Exposure
- 119 Travelers' Diarrhea
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
118 - Recreational Water Exposure
from Part XVI - Travel and Recreation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- 114 Advice for Travelers
- 115 Fever in the Returning Traveler
- 116 Systemic Infection from Animals
- 117 Tick-Borne Disease
- 118 Recreational Water Exposure
- 119 Travelers' Diarrhea
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Many common forms of recreation involve water exposure. Pathogens in water infect susceptible humans by multiple routes: through skin and mucous membranes, via inhalation of aerosols, aspiration, and ingestion. Clinical manifestations of these infections range from superficial skin lesions to fatal, systemic infections. The survival of many water-associated pathogens is influenced by climate, season, other environmental conditions, and the level of sanitation. The types and abundance of organisms vary depending on the salinity, pH, temperature, and other characteristics of the water. Hence, many are found only or primarily in certain geographic regions or during some seasons of the year. The risk of infection by waterborne pathogens is a function of the duration and type of exposure, concentration density of organisms in water, and host immunity. This chapter describes the types of pathogens, geographic distribution, sources and routes of transmission, clinical presentations, and management of water-associated infections. Water can also be a source of toxins, including heavy metals. Oceans and beaches are the sites of marine envenomations. These topics are beyond the scope of this chapter.
United States residents make approximately 360 million visits to recreational water venues annually. Thus, outbreaks of infections related to recreational water exposures are common. In the United States in 2003–2004, for example, 62 waterborne disease outbreaks in 26 states were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 849 - 858Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008