Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- 121 Actinomycosis
- 122 Anaerobic Infections
- 123 Anthrax and Other Bacillus Species
- 124 Bartonellosis (Carrión's Disease)
- 125 Cat Scratch Disease and Other Bartonella Infections
- 126 Bordetella
- 127 Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis
- 128 Brucellosis
- 129 Campylobacter
- 130 Clostridia
- 131 Corynebacteria
- 132 Enterobacteriaceae
- 133 Enterococcus
- 134 Erysipelothrix
- 135 HACEK
- 136 Helicobacter Pylori
- 137 Gonococcus: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- 138 Haemophilus
- 139 Legionellosis
- 140 Leprosy
- 141 Meningococcus and Miscellaneous Neisseriae
- 142 Listeria
- 143 Nocardia
- 144 Pasteurella Multocida
- 145 Pneumococcus
- 146 Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Burkholderia
- 147 Rat-Bite Fevers
- 148 Salmonella
- 149 Staphylococcus
- 150 Streptococcus Groups A, B, C, D, and G
- 151 Viridans Streptococci
- 152 Poststreptococcal Immunologic Complications
- 153 Shigella
- 154 Tularemia
- 155 Tuberculosis
- 156 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- 157 Vibrios
- 158 Yersinia
- 159 Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Organisms
- 160 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Organisms
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
145 - Pneumococcus
from Part XVIII - Specific Organisms – Bacteria
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- 121 Actinomycosis
- 122 Anaerobic Infections
- 123 Anthrax and Other Bacillus Species
- 124 Bartonellosis (Carrión's Disease)
- 125 Cat Scratch Disease and Other Bartonella Infections
- 126 Bordetella
- 127 Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis
- 128 Brucellosis
- 129 Campylobacter
- 130 Clostridia
- 131 Corynebacteria
- 132 Enterobacteriaceae
- 133 Enterococcus
- 134 Erysipelothrix
- 135 HACEK
- 136 Helicobacter Pylori
- 137 Gonococcus: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- 138 Haemophilus
- 139 Legionellosis
- 140 Leprosy
- 141 Meningococcus and Miscellaneous Neisseriae
- 142 Listeria
- 143 Nocardia
- 144 Pasteurella Multocida
- 145 Pneumococcus
- 146 Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Burkholderia
- 147 Rat-Bite Fevers
- 148 Salmonella
- 149 Staphylococcus
- 150 Streptococcus Groups A, B, C, D, and G
- 151 Viridans Streptococci
- 152 Poststreptococcal Immunologic Complications
- 153 Shigella
- 154 Tularemia
- 155 Tuberculosis
- 156 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- 157 Vibrios
- 158 Yersinia
- 159 Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Organisms
- 160 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Organisms
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) remains no less important today as a pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media than it has for the past several decades for several important reasons: (1) pneumococcal diseases, especially pneumococcal pneumonia, occur commonly; (2) invasive (bacteremic) pneumococcal diseases carry high case fatality rates; and (3) penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains continue to spread increasingly worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae ranks first as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia and second as a cause of bacterial meningitis and as an important bacterial pathogen of otitis media among infants and children. The high incidence and often fatal outcome of invasive disease despite prompt and appropriate antibiotic treatment provided the rationale for development and subsequent licensure in the United States of two effective polysaccharide vaccines, namely a 23-valent vaccine comprising 23 polysaccharides of the most common serotypes that are associated with community-acquired pneumonia in adults and children older than 2 years and a 7-valent conjugate vaccine comprising 7 polysaccharides, each conjugated to a carrier protein, of the 7 most common serotypes associated with community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media in infants and children younger than 2 years. The 7-valent conjugate vaccine is included now in the routine immunization program of all infants and children.
The emergence and continued frequent occurrence of penicillin resistant and multidrug-resistant strains underlie the urgency for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infection, especially in persons at high risk of serious disease.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1023 - 1030Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008