Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- 101 Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in Staff and Patients
- 102 Percutaneous Injury: Risks and Management
- 103 Hospital-Acquired Fever
- 104 Transfusion-Related Infection
- 105 Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
- 106 Infections Associated with Urinary Catheters
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
102 - Percutaneous Injury: Risks and Management
from Part XIII - Nosocomial Infection
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- 101 Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in Staff and Patients
- 102 Percutaneous Injury: Risks and Management
- 103 Hospital-Acquired Fever
- 104 Transfusion-Related Infection
- 105 Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
- 106 Infections Associated with Urinary Catheters
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Health care personnel (HCP) are at increased risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeificiency virus (HIV) from needlesticks and injuries from other sharp objects. Risk factors for transmission of bloodborne pathogens as a result of occupational exposure are likely related to the source patient (eg, titer of virus in his/her blood or body fluid), the injury (eg, quantity of blood or body fluid transferred during the exposure), and the recipient individual (eg, immunologic status).
Percutaneous exposures are the most common mechanism for transmission of bloodborne pathogens. It has been estimated that hospital-based HCP in the United States sustain an average of 384 325 (range: 311 091 to 463 922) percutaneous injuries annually. Data from several surveillance systems have demonstrated that the majority of reported injuries occur in the acute care setting, particularly medical floors, operating rooms, and intensive care units.
Prevention of contact with blood, percutaneous injuries, and the occupational transmission of bloodborne pathogens requires a diversified approach, including the development of improved engineering controls (eg, safer medical devices), work practices (eg, technique changes to reduce handling of sharp objects), and infection control measures, including personal protective equipment. Another important strategy to prevent infection includes HBV immunization.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 739 - 744Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008