Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- 96 HIV Infection: Initial Evaluation and Monitoring
- 97 HIV-1 Infection: Antiretroviral Therapy
- 98 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
- 99 Differential Diagnosis and Management of Opportunistic Infections Complicating HIV Infection
- 100 Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Infection
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
96 - HIV Infection: Initial Evaluation and Monitoring
from Part XII - HIV
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- 96 HIV Infection: Initial Evaluation and Monitoring
- 97 HIV-1 Infection: Antiretroviral Therapy
- 98 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
- 99 Differential Diagnosis and Management of Opportunistic Infections Complicating HIV Infection
- 100 Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Infection
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Even though infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be devastating and depressing news to a patient, the early recognition of the infection, the monitoring of immune deficiency both clinically and quantitatively, the prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have made HIV infection a chronic disease with an increasing survival rate. At the end of 2003, an estimated 1 039 000 to 1 185 000 persons were living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States; 24% to 27% were undiagnosed and unaware of their HIV infection. It is estimated that between 35 and 42 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Primary care physicians need to be familiar with the history, clinical presentation, and complications of HIV infection, mostly during the early stages of the infection, when they are expected to care for these patients. This chapter will help clinicians in suspecting, counseling, screening, diagnosing, and evaluating immune deficiency, as well as implementing antiretroviral therapy and other therapies as indicated.
HIV CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Patients can present with different complaints ranging from an acute nonspecific retroviral syndrome (mononucleosis type) lasting 1 to 4 weeks after HIV-1/HIV-2 viral aqcuisition with an incubation period as long as 6 weeks to an AIDS-defining illness suggesting advanced immunocompromission, most commonly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, wasting, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 681 - 688Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
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