Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- 17 Fever and Rash
- 18 Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Kawasaki Syndromes
- 19 Classic Viral Exanthems
- 20 Skin Ulcer and Pyoderma
- 21 Cellulitis and Erysipelas
- 22 Deep Soft-Tissue Infections: Necrotizing Fasciitis and Gas Gangrene
- 23 Human and Animal Bites
- 24 Lice, Scabies, and Myiasis
- 25 Superficial Fungal Diseases of the Hair, Skin, and Nails
- 26 Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
- 27 Fever and Lymphadenopathy
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
19 - Classic Viral Exanthems
from Part IV - Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- 17 Fever and Rash
- 18 Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Kawasaki Syndromes
- 19 Classic Viral Exanthems
- 20 Skin Ulcer and Pyoderma
- 21 Cellulitis and Erysipelas
- 22 Deep Soft-Tissue Infections: Necrotizing Fasciitis and Gas Gangrene
- 23 Human and Animal Bites
- 24 Lice, Scabies, and Myiasis
- 25 Superficial Fungal Diseases of the Hair, Skin, and Nails
- 26 Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
- 27 Fever and Lymphadenopathy
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
During the early 1900s, six common childhood exanthematous infections were defined by the numbers 1 through 6. The etiologic agents of these infections were unknown. Over the next century, the etiologies of these exanthems were defined, and 4 of the 6 were demonstrated to be caused by viruses (Table 19.1). The first exanthema was caused by the measles virus, the third by the rubella virus, the second and fourth by bacterial toxins, the fifth by parvovirus, and the sixth by human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6).
In developed countries where most children have received measles and rubella vaccinations, other viral exanthems are often confused with breakthrough measles or rubella. For example, in a study of 2299 Finnish children with exanthems thought to be measles or rubella, only 6% actually had measles or rubella. When acute and convalescent serologies were performed, other diagnoses, including parvovirus (20%), enterovirus (9%), adenovirus (4%), and human herpesvirus (4%), were defined.
This chapter discusses the classic childhood viral exanthems: measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), and exanthem subitum (roseola). Parvovirus infection is discussed in Chapter 189, Parvovirus Infection (Acute and Chronic).
RUBEOLA
Rubeola (measles) is caused by an RNA virus with one antigenic type and is classified in the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The licensure of both a live attenuated and killed measles vaccine in 1963 resulted in a 98% diminution in incidence rates. The killed vaccine proved problematic, and only the live vaccine has remained available since 1967.
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- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 135 - 140Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008