The author notes that it is estimated that up to 70% of recent emerging zoonotic diseases (EZD) have wildlife origins. Both the domestic and international trade in wildlife and their parts have been implicated in the emergence and rapid spread of EZDs. Although the problem is not limited to species captured by the CITES regime, the CITES contains key provisions that have influenced the structure of the international response to these disease threats. After briefly explaining the connection between wildlife trade and zoonotic disease emergence, the author evaluates existing efforts under the CITES to respond to EZD threats in a manner that is consistent with the convention's objectives while cognizant of the livelihoods concerns of those often engaged in the trade. She concludes by identifying opportunities and challenges for global leadership in this area by the CITES.