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6 - Vapor–Melt Exchange

Constraints on Chondrite Formation Conditions and Processes

from Part I - Observations of Chondrules

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2018

By
Denton S. Ebel ,
Conel M. O’D. Alexander  and
Guy Libourel
Edited by
Sara S. Russell ,
Harold C. Connolly Jr.  and
Alexander N. Krot
Sara S. Russell
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, London
Harold C. Connolly Jr.
Affiliation:
Rowan University, New Jersey
Alexander N. Krot
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
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Summary

The bulk volatile contents of chondritic meteorites provide clues to their origins. Matrix and chondrules carry differing abundances of moderately volatile elements, with chondrules carrying a refractory signature. At the high temperatures of chondrule formation and the low pressures of the solar nebula, many elements, including Na and Fe, should have been volatile. Yet the evidence is that even at peak temperatures, at or near the liquidus, Na and Fe (as FeO and Fe-metal) were present in about their current abundances in molten chondrules. This seems to require very high solid densities during chondrule formation to prevent significant evaporation. Evaporation should also be accompanied by isotopic mass fractionation. Evidence from a wide range of isotopic systems indicates only slight isotopic mass fractionations of moderately volatile elements, further supporting high solid densities. However, olivine-rich, FeO-poor chondrules commonly have pyroxene-dominated outer zones that have been interpreted as the products of late condensation of SiO2 into chondrule melts. Late condensation of more refractory SiO2 is inconsistent with the apparent abundances of more volatile Na, FeO and Fe-metal in many chondrules. Despite significant recent experimental work bearing on this problem, the conditions under which chondrules behaved as open systems remain enigmatic.

Type
Chapter
Information
Chondrules
Records of Protoplanetary Disk Processes
 , pp. 151 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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