Within-Group Aggression
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 July 2020
Chimpanzees can be caring, affectionate, sensitive animals – toward particular individuals. In the right circumstances. The love and attention a chimpanzee mother showers on her infant is extraordinary, in both its day-to-day manifestation and over the long, five-year span of infancy – the chimpanzee mother–infant bond is arguably even more intense than that of humans (Hrdy, 2011). And it is not just mothers. Males spend hours grooming one another. They look to their friends and allies for comfort and reassurance. When the chips are down and two lifelong friends face a marauding band from another community, they will risk their lives to support one another. Yet, these prosocial bonds are only half the story, if that. In this chapter we will consider how violence shapes social behavior within communities; in the next chapter we will turn toward the war-like aggression that typifies intercommunity relations; in the chapter after that we will tidy up the trilogy with an examination of how profoundly intercommunity violence has affected the relationships within communities. It is this interplay, the effect the threat of intercommunity violence has on minute-to-minute interactions within communities, that makes chimpanzee society so complicated. So complicated, in fact, that it will require 40 steps to knit every aspect of chimpanzee biology together in the final chapter.
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