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10 - Youth Violence: Correlates, Interventions, and Legal Implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2009

By
Carrie S. Fried  and
N. Dickon Reppucci
Edited by
Bette L. Bottoms ,
Margaret Bull Kovera  and
Bradley D. McAuliff
Carrie S. Fried
Affiliation:
Doctoral candidate in psychology University of Virginia
N. Dickon Reppucci
Affiliation:
Professor of Psychology and Director of Graduate Studies University of Virginia
Bette L. Bottoms
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago
Margaret Bull Kovera
Affiliation:
Florida International University
Bradley D. McAuliff
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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Summary

Although the media spotlight certainly exaggerates the reality, there is no doubt that violence by and against youth is an enormous social problem. Nearly one in six of all violent crime arrests in 1997 involved a juvenile under 18 years of age (FBI, 1997). Arrest rates for violent crimes among juveniles increased 49% between 1988 and 1997 compared with an increase of 19% among persons 18 years of age and over. However, recent data suggest that juvenile arrests for murder and other violent crimes may have peaked in 1994 (Sickmund, Snyder, & Poe-Yamagata, 1997). Moderate decreases in 1995, 1996, and 1997 are evidence of the continuing downward trend in juvenile arrests for violent crimes (FBI, 1996, 1997). Although violence is pervasive in American society, not all groups are equally affected. African American youth are significantly overrepresented among victims and perpetrators of violent crimes (Reiss & Roth, 1993). Arrest data indicate that African American youth account for 52% of youth arrested for violent crimes, even though they make up only 15% of the juvenile population (Dryfoos, 1990). However, data on self-reported violent offenses demonstrate a much narrower difference between the prevalence of violence between Blacks and Whites (Elliot, 1994).

We begin this chapter with a discussion of the difficulties surrounding definitions of violence. Then we review the correlates of youth violence by examining the societal, neighborhood, school, peer, family, and individual factors that predict violent behavior.

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Children, Social Science, and the Law , pp. 233 - 269
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2002

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