This chapter begins by highlighting that the two main disciplines of psychology, experimental and correlational, are complementary for the study of human behaviour and suggesting chess as a suitable model for psychological research while taking into account the crucial role of individual differences. A very brief description of the structure, aims, and psychological attributes needed to play chess follows, which serves to remark the considerable variability in these attributes amongst human beings. The chapter closes by providing a concise overview of the rest of the chapters.