Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:51:25.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Pharmacology and Physiology in the Term Neonate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2019

By
Adam C. Adler  and
Ronald S. Litman
Edited by
Adam C. Adler ,
Arvind Chandrakantan  and
Ronald S. Litman
Adam C. Adler
Affiliation:
Texas Children's Hospital
Arvind Chandrakantan
Affiliation:
Texas Children's Hospital
Ronald S. Litman
Affiliation:
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Get access

Summary

This chapter, provides an overview of the basics of pharmacology and physiology in the neonate. The authors focus on the physiological differences between children and adults using a background case of omphalocele. Key concepts for pediatric anesthesia are considered including, hyperbilirubinemia, oxygenation, hepatic function and metabolism and thyroid function.

Keywords

gastroschisisomphaloceleneonatal hypoglycemiaBeckwith–Wiedemann syndromebilirubinjaundicecongenital hypothyroidismneonatal apneaneonatal liverneonatal coagulationneonatal opioid metabolismneonatal spinal.
Type
Chapter
Information
Case Studies in Pediatric Anesthesia , pp. 6 - 15
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Suggested Reading

Beardsall, K. Measurement of glucose levels in the newborn. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(5):263–7. PMID: 20542649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blazer, S, Zimmer, EZ, Gover, A, Bronshtein, M. Fetal omphalocele detected early in pregnancy: associated anomalies and outcomes. Radiology. 2004;232:191–5. PMID: 15220502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brantberg, A, Blaas, HG, Haugen, SE, Eik-Nes, SH. Characteristics and outcome of 90 cases of fetal omphalocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26:527–37. PMID: 16184512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Büyükgebiz, A. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5S1:8–12. PMID: 23154158.Google Scholar
Christison-Lagay, ER, Kelleher, CM, Langer, JC. Neonatal abdominal wall defects. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;16:164–72. PMID: 21474399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coté, CJ, Zaslavsky, A, Downes, JJ, et al. Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy. A combined analysis. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:809–22. PMID: 7717551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, RP, Mychaliska, GB. Neonatal pulmonary physiology. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013;22:179–84. PMID: 24331091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz-Miron, J, Miller, J, Vogel, AM. Neonatal hematology. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013;22:199–204. PMID: 24331095.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grijalva, J, Vakili, K. Neonatal liver physiology. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013;22:185–9. PMID: 24331092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, DL, Weston, PJ, Harding, JE. Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in babies identified as at risk. J Pediatr. 2012;161:787–91. PMID: 22727868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiraki, S, Green, NS. Newborn screening for treatable genetic conditions: past, present and future. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2010;37:11–21. PMID: 22727868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, M, Bromiker, R, Hammerman, C. Hyperbilirubinemia, hemolysis, and increased bilirubin neurotoxicity. Semin Perinatol. 2014;38:429–37. PMID: 25284470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lerman, J, Robinson, S, Willis, MM, Gregory, GA. Anesthetic requirements for halothane in young children 0–1 month and 1–6 months of age. Anesthesiology. 1983;59:421–4. PMID: 6638549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López, T, Sánchez, FJ, Garzón, JC, Muriel, C. Spinal anesthesia in pediatric patients. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012;78:78–87. PMID: 22211775.Google ScholarPubMed
Maitra, S, Baidya, DK, Khanna, P, et al. Acute perioperative pain in neonates: An evidence-based review of neurophysiology and management. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014;52:30–7. PMID: 24999216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nandi-Munshi, D, Taplin, CE. Thyroid-related neurological disorders and complications in children. Pediatr Neurol. 2015;52(4):373–82. PMID: 25661286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nargozian, C, Ririe, DG, Bennun, RD, et al. Hemifacial microsomia: anatomical prediction of difficult intubation. Paediatr Anaesth. 1999;9:393–8. PMID: 10447900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sale, SM. Neonatal apnoea. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2010;24:323–36. PMID: 21033010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sulemanji, M, Vakili, K. Neonatal renal physiology. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013;22:195–8. PMID: 24331094.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weksberg, R, Shuman, C, Beckwith, JB. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010;18:8–14. PMID: 19550435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yaster, M, Scherer, TL, Stone, MM, et al. Prediction of successful primary closure of congenital abdominal wall defects using intraoperative measurements. J Pediatr Surg. 1989;24:1217–20. PMID: 2531789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×