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10 - Imaging of treated bladder cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2009

By
Ben Taylor ,
Suzanne Bonington  and
Bernadette Carrington
Edited by
David MacVicar
David MacVicar
Affiliation:
Royal Marsden Hospital
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Summary

Imaging has a well-established role in the pre-treatment assessment of bladder cancer. Staging of muscle invasive tumors with CT or MRI is accurate and has an immediate effect on treatment decisions [1–3]. However, the role of imaging in monitoring the effects of treatment and in the follow-up of the treated patient is less well defined.

This chapter will consider the role of imaging in the diagnosis of treatment-related complications, the recognition of normal post-treatment tissue appearances and the assessment of treatment response as well as the role of imaging in patient follow-up and the diagnosis of local tumor recurrence.

Although a small number of patients have other pathologies, the vast majority of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), and this chapter will focus solely on this tumor type. The choice of treatment modality in bladder cancer is dependent on many factors; the most important are the stage and histological grade of the tumor, but other important factors include the patient's performance status and co-morbidities, patient preference and the preference and expertise of the treatment center. There are large geographical variations in treatment preferences; in particular, patients with muscle invasive tumors are more likely to be treated with radiotherapy in the UK, compared with the United States.

Imaging following surgery

Transurethral resection and biopsy

Over 80% of bladder cancer patients have superficial (non–muscle invasive) tumors. These patients are usually treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT).

Type
Chapter
Information
Carcinoma of the Bladder , pp. 147 - 173
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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