In the hospital setting, patients in the emergency room and intensive care units are at high risk for complications. This chapter reviews the specific role of capnography in the successful airway management of the hospitalized patient. Initiating airway intubation in the emergency room or in the intensive care unit allows significant opportunity for miscalculations that can take the form of esophageal intubations, delays in securing ventilation due to a difficult airway, and inadequate ventilation due to inappropriate settings. The most frequent cause of a false-positive result occurs when a large amount of expired gas is forced into the esophagus during bag-mask ventilation. As it relates to airway maintenance, continuous capnography provides graphical and numerical assurance of airway patency. During routine intensive care radiographic evaluations, inappropriate enteral tube placement has been identified as often as endotracheal tube malposition.