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6 - Warfare

from Part I - Global developments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

By
Clifford J. Rogers
Edited by
Benjamin Z. Kedar  and
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Benjamin Z. Kedar
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Summary

This chapter examines why wars were fought, by whom, and how, including questions of recruitment, equipment, and organization of armed forces as well as strategy, tactics, and logistics. It introduces an early example of steppe empire building, followed by examination of three civilizations that had to address the problem of attacks from the steppe: China, Persia, and Byzantium. The chapter examines the history of the two great agro-urban empires of the West and the Middle East, Rome and Persia. In the mid-thirteenth century, Europeans met two strong new adversaries who proved fully a match for them: the Mongols, who won crushing victories in Hungary and Poland, and the Mamluks, who defeated Louis IX's great effort to seize Egypt, beat even the Mongols at 'Ayn Jalut in 1260 and finally eliminated the last remnants of the Frankish States in the Levant.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge World History , pp. 145 - 176
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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References

Further reading

Al-Jahiz, , “The Virtues of the Turk,” in Nine Essays of al-Jahiz, trans. Hutchins, William M.. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 1989.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. “The Mamluk Institution: 1000 Years of Military Slavery in the Islamic World,” in Morgan, Philip D. and Brown, Christopher L. (eds.), Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006: 40–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachrach, Bernard. Early Carolingian Warfare. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Barfield, Thomas J. The Perilous Frontier. Nomadic Empire and China 221 B.C. to A.D. 1757. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1992.Google Scholar
Barua, Pradeep. The State at War in South Asia. Lincoln, NE: University of Kansas Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Bennett, Matthew, ed. The Medieval World at War. London: Thames and Hudson, 2009.Google Scholar
Crone, Patricia. Slaves on Horses. The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
France, John. Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000–1300. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Friday, Kar. Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
Graff, David. Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300–900. London: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Haldon, John. Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204. London: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar
Halsall, Guy. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450–900. London: Routledge, 2003.Google Scholar
Halsall, Guy. The History and the Life of Chinggis Khan (The Secret History of the Mongols), trans. Onon, Urgunge, Leiden: Brill, 1990.Google Scholar
Kaegi, Walter E. Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Keen, Maurice, ed. Medieval Warfare: A History. Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. The Army of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London: Taylor and Francis, 2001.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. “The Military Revolution and the Early Islamic State,” in Christie, Niall and Yazigi, Maya (eds.), Noble Ideals and Bloody Realities. Leiden: Brill, 2006.Google Scholar
Lorge, Peter A. The Asian Military Revolution. Cambridge University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
May, Timothy. The Mongol Art of War. Barnsley, England: Pen & Sword, 2007.Google Scholar
Morillo, Stephen, Black, Jeremy, and Lococo, Paul. War in World History: Society, Technology and War from Ancient Times to the Present, vol. i. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2008.Google Scholar
Rogers, Clifford J. “The Military Revolutions of the Hundred Years' War,” Journal of Military History, 57 (1993): 241–78..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, Clifford J. Soldiers' Lives through History: The Middle Ages. New York, NY: Greenwood, 2007.Google Scholar
Sandhu, Gurcharn Singh. A Military History of Medieval India. New Delhi: Vision Books, 2003.Google Scholar
Treadgold, Warren. Byzantium and its Army, 284–1081. Stanford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Zakeri, Moshen. Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1995.Google Scholar

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