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12 - Industrious revolutions in early modern world history

from Part Two - Trade, Exchange, and Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

By
Kaoru Sugihara  and
R. Bin Wong
Edited by
Jerry H. Bentley ,
Sanjay Subrahmanyam  and
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Jerry H. Bentley
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
Sanjay Subrahmanyam
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Summary

This chapter considers the global social and political context that a common climate-induced general crisis in the seventeenth century set for economic activities. It explores the parallel and distinct dimensions of the expansions of early modern commerce in Europe and East Asia, elements of which are central to the changes in the consumption behavior of Europeans that is a basic trait of the European industrious revolution. In China, the absence of corporate elite identities found in both Europe and Japan meant that the passage of merchant wealth into literati elite status faced fewer institutional barriers. For England, being a high wage economy provided the economic rationale to develop laborsaving machinery. The shift from commercial capitalism to industrial capitalism is also the moment when data for workers adding hours to their daily routine become available. The direct evidence for workers extending their work hours comes from Britain and from a longer working day coming as industrialization begins between 1760 and 1820.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge World History , pp. 283 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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References

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