This chapter focuses on Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. I first consider why state violence has remained on the margins of Holocaust scholarship. Next, I present a historical account and an argument about the settler colonial and genocidal character of state violence during World War Two. This section can offer only glimpses into the events and processes it discusses. I highlight similarities between the settler colonial projects of the three states and how anti-Jewish persecution and violence unfolded as an integral part of these destructive processes, which not only targeted other groups as well but also the very idea of a diverse society. I then explore accounts of survivors, mostly – but not only – Jews, who turn our attention to state violence in a way that challenges global Holocaust memory and its purported focus on survivors’ voices.1 Finally, I address the way in which institutes of global Holocaust memory can blur the genocidal assaults of some states during World War Two, which then helps blur and even deny current state violence. I argue that the problematic use of the term ‘antisemitism’, both in global Holocaust memory and in scholarship, facilitates this deeply troubling phenomenon.