Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T22:36:35.586Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Patterns on the ground: urban forms, residential structure and the social construction of space

from Part III - Construction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Martin Daunton
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

INTRODUCTION

It can be suggested that the analysis of space is particularly relevant to large urban areas. There is general acknowledgement in much sociological and geographical literature that the processes of modernisation and urbanisation have both changed the ways in which spaces are used and created feelings of placelessness in urban areas. Whilst reviewing studies of the cultural meaning of space, R. Rotenberg suggests that ‘urban agglomeration invites special treatments of space’, whilst M. La Gory and J. Pipkin develop a more extended argument supporting the significance of space for urban areas:

Spatial structure is particularly important to the city, for urban society is composed of diverse groups living close to one another. The city is a compact community. Land is relatively scarce; thus the urban space is necessarily highly organized and segregated. Space is a major social force literally shaping the lives of those within the urban container. We make the city, but once created it remakes us. The buildings we occupy and the neighborhoods we reside in restrict our activities. The buildings and neighborhoods not only limit our social participation but also influence what we think and feel about others who share our city.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, B., Time and Social Theory (London, 1990)
Adams, B., Timewatch: The Social Analysis of Time (London, 1995)
Aldcroft, D. H., and Freeman, M. J., eds., Transport in the Industrial Revolution (Manchester, 1983)
Appleyard, D., ‘The environment as a social symbol’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 45 (1979)Google Scholar
Atkins, P. J., ‘How the West End was won: the struggle to remove street barriers in Victorian London’, Journal of Historical Geography, 19 (1993)Google Scholar
Balchin, P., Housing Policy: An Introduction (London, 1985)
Bassett, K., and Short, J. R., Housing and Residential Structure: Alternative Approaches (London, 1980)
Bett, W. H., and Gillham, J. C., Great British Tramway Networks (London, 1967)
Boal, F., ‘Territoriality and class: a study of two residential areas in Belfast’, Irish Geography, 6 (1971)Google Scholar
Boddy, M., The Building Societies (London, 1980)
Bourdieu, P., Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. Nice, R. (London, 1984)
Bowlby, S., ed., ‘Women and the environment’, Built Environment, 10 (1984)Google Scholar
Brayshay, M., and Pointon, V., ‘Migration and the social geography of mid-nineteenth century Plymouth’, The Devon Historian, 28 (1984)Google Scholar
Briggs, A., Victorian Cities (London, 1963)
Brown, L., and Moore, E., ‘The intra-urban migration process: a perspective’, Geografiska Annaler, 52B (1970)Google Scholar
Brown-May, A., ‘A charitable indulgence: street stalls and the transformation of public space in Melbourne, c 1850–1920’, UH, 23 (1996).Google Scholar
Bryant, C., and Jary, D., eds., Giddens’ Theory of Structuration: A Critical Appreciation (London, 1991)
Burnett, J., A Social History of Housing, 1815–1985, 2nd edn (London, 1986)
Buttimer, A., ‘Social space and the planning of residential areas’, in Buttimer, A. and Seaman, D., eds., The Human Experience of Space and Place (London, 1980)Google Scholar
Cage, R. A., ed., The Working Class in Glasgow 1750–1914 (London, 1987)
Cannadine, D., and Reeder, D., eds., Exploring the Urban Past: Essays in Urban History by H. J. Dyos (Cambridge, 1982)
Carter, H., and Wheatley, S., Merthyr Tydfil in 1851: A Study of the Spatial Structure of a Welsh Industrial Town (Cardiff, 1982)
Chalklin, C. W., The Provincial Towns of Georgian England: A Study of the Building Process, 1740–1820 (London, 1974)
Chalmers, T., The Health of Glasgow, 1818–1925: An Outline (Glasgow, 1930)
Chapman, S. D., ed., The History of Working-Class Housing: A Symposium (Newton Abbot, 1971)
Checkland, S., The Upas Tree: Glasgow 1875–1975 – and after 1975–1980 (Glasgow, 1981)
Cherry, G. E., Cities and Plans: The Shaping of Urban Britain in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (London, 1988)
Cleary, E. J., The Building Society Movement (London, 1965)
Coleman, A., Utopia on Trial: Vision and Reality in Planned Housing (London, 1985)
D’Cruze, S., ‘Care, diligence and “Usfull Pride”: gender, industrialisation and the domestic economy, c. 1770 to c. 1840’, Women’s History Review, 3 (1994)Google Scholar
Daunton, M. J., A Property-Owning Democracy?: Housing in Britain (London, 1987)
Daunton, M. J., House and Home in the Victorian City: Working-Class Housing 1850–1914 (London, 1983)
Daunton, M. J., ed., Councillors and Tenants: Local Authority Housing in English Cities, 1919–1939 (Leicester, 1984)
Dean, H., and Taylor-Gooby, P., Dependency Culture: The Explosion of a Myth (New York and London, 1992)
Dear, M., and Wolch, J., ‘How territory shapes social life’, in Wolch, J. and Dear, M., eds., The Power of Geography: How Territory Shapes Social Life (Boston, 1989)Google Scholar
Dennis, R., ‘Intercensal mobility in a Victorian city’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 2 (1977)Google Scholar
Dennis, R., English Industrial Cities of the Nineteenth Century: A Social Geography (Cambridge, 1984)
Dennis, R., and Daniels, S., ‘Community and the social geography of Victorian cities’, Urban History Yearbook (1981)Google Scholar
Doherty, P., ‘Ethnic segregation levels in the Belfast urban area’, Area, 21 (1989)Google Scholar
Doughty, M., ed., Building the Industrial City (Leicester, 1986)
Dunning, L., Report on the Police Establishment and the State of Crime (Liverpool, 1903), p..
Dunning, L., Report on the Police Establishment and the State of Crime (Liverpool, 1905), p..
Dunning, L., Report on the Police Establishment and the State of Crime (Liverpool, 1909).
Dunning, L., Report on the Police Establishment and the State of Crime (Liverpool, 1910), p..
Dyos, H. J., Victorian Suburb: A Study of the Growth of Camberwell (Leicester, 1961)
Dyos, H. J., and Aldcroft, D. H., British Transport: An Economic Survey from the Seventeenth Century to the Twentieth (Leicester, 1969)
Forrest, R., Williams, P., and Murie, A., ‘Home ownership in recession’, Housing Studies, 9 (1994)Google Scholar
Forrest, R., and Murie, A., Home Ownership: Differentiation and Fragmentation (London, 1990)
Forrest, R., and Murie, A., Selling the Welfare State: The Privatisation of Public Housing (London, 1988)
Gauldie, E., Cruel Habitations: A History of Working-Class Housing, 1780–1914 (London, 1973)
Gibb, A., Glasgow: The Making of a City (London, 1983)
Giddens, A., The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration (Cambridge, 1984)
Goheen, P., ‘Negotiating access to public space in mid-nineteenth century Toronto’, Journal of Historical Geography, 20 (1994) –49Google Scholar
Goheen, P., ‘The ritual of the street in mid-nineteenth century Toronto’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11 (1993) –45Google Scholar
Golledge, R., ‘A behavioural view of mobility and migration research’, Professional Geographer, 31 (1980)Google Scholar
Gordon, G., ed., Regional Cities in the UK, 1890–1980 (London, 1986)
Gosden, P. H. J. H., Self Help (London, 1973)
Greenwood, W., Love on the Dole (London, 1933)
Gregory, D., Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woollen Industry (London, 1982)
Gregson, N., ‘Structuration theory: some thoughts on the possibilities of empirical research’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 5 (1987)Google Scholar
Hagerstrand, T., ‘What about people in Regional Science?’, Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 24 (1970)Google Scholar
Hagerstrand, T., ‘Survival and arena: on the life history of individuals in relation to their geographic environment’, in Carlstein, T., Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., eds., Timing Space and Spacing Time (London, 1978)Google Scholar
Harrison, M., Crowds and History: Mass Phenomena in English Towns, 1790–1835 (Cambridge, 1988)
Harvey, D., ‘The political economy of urbanization in advanced capitalist societies: the case of the U.S.’, in Gappert, G. and Rose, H., eds., The Social Economy of Cities (Beverley Hills, Calif., 1975)Google Scholar
Harvey, D., ‘Class structure in a capitalist society and the theory of residential differentiation’, in Peel, R., et al., eds., Processes in Physical and Human Geography (London, 1975)Google Scholar
Harvey, D., Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization (Oxford, 1985)
Harvey, D., Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (Oxford and Cambridge, Mass., 1996)
Harvey, D., The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Oxford, 1989)
Harvey, D., The Urbanization of Capital (Oxford, 1985)
Hepburn, A., ‘The Catholic community of Belfast, 1850–1940’, in Engman, M., et al., eds., Ethnic Identity in Urban Europe (Aldershot and New York, 1992)Google Scholar
Hillman, M., Adams, J., and Whitelegg, J., One False Move: A Study of Children’s Independent Mobility (London, 1990)
,HMSO, Change and Decay: Final Report of the Liverpool Inner Area Study (London, 1977)
Howell, P., ‘Public space and the public sphere: political theory and the historical geography of modernity’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11 (1993)Google Scholar
Huxley, M., and Winchester, H., ‘Residential differentiation and social reproduction: the inter-relations of class, gender and space’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9 (1991)Google Scholar
Jackson, A. A., Semi-Detached London: Suburban Development, Life and Transport, 1900–39 (London, 1973; 2nd edn, Didcot, 1991)
Johnson, J. H., and Pooley, C. G., eds., The Structure of Nineteenth-Century Cities (London, 1982)
Jones, D. C., ed., Merseyside. The Social Survey of Merseyside, 3 vols. (Liverpool, 1934)
Jones, M., ‘The economic history of the regional problem in Britain, 1920–1938’, Journal of Historical Geography, 10 (1984)Google Scholar
Karn, V., Kemeny, J., and Williams, P., Home Ownership in the Inner City: Salvation or Despair? (Aldershot, 1986)
Katznelson, I., Marxism and the City (Oxford, 1992)
Kearns, G., and Withers, C. W. J., eds., Urbanising Britain: Essays on Class and Community in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1991)
Kellett, J. R., The Impact of Railways on Victorian Cities (London, 1969)
Kleinmann, M., ‘Large scale transfers of council housing to new landlords. Is British social housing becoming more European?’, Housing Studies, 8 (1993)Google Scholar
Knox, P., Urban Social Geography: An Introduction (London, 1982; 3rd edn, Harlow, 1995)
La Gory, M., and Pipkin, J., Urban Social Space (Belmont, Calif., 1981)
Langton, J., and Morris, R. J., eds., Atlas of Industrialising Britain, 1780–1914 (London, 1986)
Lash, S., and Urry, J., Economies of Signs and Space (London, 1994)
Law, C. M., ‘The growth of urban population in England and Wales, 1801–1911’, Transactions, Institute of British Geographers, 41 (1967)Google Scholar
Lawrence, J., ‘Geographical space, social space and the realm of the department store’, Urban History, 19 (1992)Google Scholar
Lawton, R., and Pooley, C. G., ‘The social geography of nineteenth-century cities: a review’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G., eds., Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany (Cambridge, 1988)Google Scholar
Lawton, R., and Pooley, C. G., The Social Geography of Merseyside in the Nineteenth Century (Final report to the SSRC, 1976)
Lee, C. H., ‘Regional growth and structural change in Victorian Britain’, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 34 (1981)Google Scholar
Lefebvre, H., The Production of Space (Oxford, 1991).
Lewis, C. R., ‘A stage in the development of an industrial town: a case study of Cardiff, 1845–1875’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 4 (1979)Google Scholar
Ley, D., ‘Styles of the times: liberal and neo-conservative landscapes in inner Vancouver, 1968–1986’, Journal of Historical Geography, 13 (1987)Google Scholar
Lowe, S., and Hughes, D., eds., A New Century of Social Housing (Leicester, 1991)
MacGregor, A., Public Health in Glasgow, 1905–46 (Edinburgh, 1967)
Madanipour, A., ‘Urban design and dilemmas of space’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 14 (1996) –78Google Scholar
Madanipour, A., Design of Urban Space: An Enquiry into Socio-Spatial Process (Chichester, 1996)
Marshall, J. D., Furness and the Industrial Revolution (Barrow-in-Furness, 1958)
Massey, D., Space, Place and Gender (Cambridge, 1994)
McDowell, L., ‘Space, place and gender relations. Parts 1 and 2’, Progress in Human Geography, 17 (1993)Google Scholar
McFarlane, N., ‘Hospitals, housing and tuberculosis in Glasgow, 1911–51’, Social History of Medicine, 2 (1989)Google Scholar
McKenna, M., ‘The suburbanisation of the working-class population of Liverpool between the wars’, Social History, 16 (1991)Google Scholar
Melling, J., Housing, Social Policy and the State (London, 1980)
Melling, J., Rent Strikes: People’s Struggle for Housing in West Scotland 1890–1916 (Edinburgh, 1983)
Merrett, S., Owner-Occupation in Britain (London, 1982)
Merrett, S., State Housing in Britain (London, 1979)
Midwinter, E., ‘The sectarian troubles and the Police Inquiry of 1909–10’, in Midwinter, E., Old Liverpool (Newton Abbot, 1971)Google Scholar
Minford, P., Peel, M., and Ashton, P., The Housing Morass: Regulation, Immobility and Unemployment: An Economic Analysis of the Consequences of Government Regulation, with Proposals to Restore the Market in Rented Housing (London, 1987)
Olsen, D. J., The Growth of Victorian London (London, 1976)
Park, R., and Burgess, E., eds., The City (Chicago, 1967)
Pooley, C. G., ‘Housing for the poorest poor: slum clearance and rehousing in Liverpool, 1890–1918’, Journal of Historical Geography, 11 (1985).Google Scholar
Pooley, C., ed., Housing Strategies in Europe (Leicester, 1992)
Pooley, C. G., ‘Residential differentiation in Victorian cities: a reassessment’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 9 (1984)Google Scholar
Pooley, C. G., ‘Residential mobility in the Victorian city’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 4 (1979)Google Scholar
Pooley, C. G., and Harmer, M., Property Ownership in Britain, 1850–1965: The Role of the Bradford and Bingley Building Society in the Development of Homeownership (Bingley, 1997)
Pooley, C. G., and Irish, S., ‘Access to housing on Merseyside’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 12 (1987)Google Scholar
Pooley, C. G., and Irish, S., ‘Housing and health in Liverpool, 1870–1940’, Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 143 (1994)Google Scholar
Pooley, C. G., and Irish, S., The Development of Corporation Housing in Liverpool, 1869–1945 (Lancaster, 1984)
Pratt, G., and Hanson, S., ‘Gender, class and space’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 6 (1988)Google Scholar
Pred, A., Making Histories and Constructing Human Geographies: The Local Transformation of Practice, Power Relations and Consciousness (Boulder, 1990)
Price, S., Building Societies: Their Origin and History (London, 1958)
Pritchard, R., Housing and the Spatial Structure of the City (Cambridge, 1976)
Ravetz, A., Model Estate: Planned Housing at Quarry Hill (London, 1974)
Relph, E., Place and Placelessness (London, 1976)
Roberts, R., The Classic Slum (Manchester, 1971)
Robson, B. T., Urban Growth: An Approach (London, 1973)
Rodger, R., ed., Scottish Housing in the Twentieth Century (Leicester, 1989)
Rodgers, H. B., ‘The suburban growth of Victorian Manchester’, Transactions of the Manchester Geographical Society, 58 (1961–2)Google Scholar
Rose, D., ‘Rethinking gentrification’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2 (1984)
Rotenberg, R., and McDonogh, G., eds., The Cultural Meaning of Urban Space (Westport, Conn., 1993)
Rudé, G., The Crowd in History: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730–1848 (London, 1981)
Saunders, P., A Nation of Home Owners (London, 1990)
Sennett, R., ed., Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities (New York, 1969).
Shaw, M., ‘The ecology of social change: Wolverhampton, 1851–1871’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, new series, 2 (1977)Google Scholar
Shields, R., ‘Social spatialization and the built environment: the West Edmonton Mall’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 7 (1989) –64Google Scholar
Shimmin, H., The Courts and Alleys of Liverpool (Liverpool, 1864).
Shurmer-Smith, P., and Hannam, K., Worlds of Desire, Realms of Power: A Cultural Geography (London, 1994)
Sibley, D., Geographies of Exclusion: Societies and Difference in the West (London, 1995)
Sindall, R., Street Violence in the Nineteenth Century: Media Panic or Real Danger? (Leicester, 1990)
Slater, T., ed., The Built Form of Western Cities: Essays for M. R. G. Conzen on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday (Leicester, 1990)
Smith, S., Crime, Space and Society (Cambridge, 1986)
Soja, E., ‘The socio-spatial dialectic’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70 (1980) –25Google Scholar
Springett, J., ‘Building development on the Ramsden estate, Huddersfield’, Journal of Historical Geography, 8 (1982)Google Scholar
Stedman, Jones, G., Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society (Oxford, 1971)
Sutcliffe, A., Multi-Story Living (London, 1974)
Swenarton, M., Homes Fit for Heroes: The Politics and Architecture of Early State Housing in Britain (London, 1981)
Swenarton, M., and Taylor, S., ‘The scale and nature of the growth of owner-occupation in Britain between the wars’, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 38 (1985)Google Scholar
Taylor, I., ‘The court and cellar dwelling: the eighteenth-century origin of the Liverpool slum’, Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 122 (1970)Google Scholar
Theodorson, G., ed., Studies in Human Ecology (New York, 1961)
Thompson, E. P., ‘Time, work discipline and industrial capitalism’, Past and Present, 37 (1967)Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L., ed., The Rise of Suburbia (Leicester, 1982)
Thrift, N., ‘The arts of living, the beauty of the dead: anxieties of being in the work of Anthony Giddens’, Progress in Human Geography, 17 (1993)Google Scholar
Timms, D. W. G., The Urban Mosaic: Towards a Theory of Residential Defferentiation (London, 1971)
Tolley, R., Calming Traffic in Residential Areas (Tregaron, 1989)
Trust, Pilgrim, Men without Work (Cambridge, 1938)
Varley, R., ‘Land use analysis in the city centre with special reference to Manchester’ (MA thesis, University of Wales, 1968).
Waller, P. J., Democracy and Sectarianism: A Political and Social History of Liverpool, 1868–1939 (Liverpool, 1981)
Walton, J. K., The English Seaside Resort: A Social History, 1750–1914 (Leicester, 1983)
Ward, D., ‘Environs and neighbours in the “Two Nations”: residential differentiation in mid-nineteenth century Leeds’, Journal of Historical Geography, 6 (1980)Google Scholar
Ward, D., ‘Victorian cities: how modern?’, Journal of Historical Geography, 1 (1975)Google Scholar
White, J., Rothschild Buildings: Life in an East End Tenement Block 1887–1920 (London, 1980)
White, J., The Worst Street in North London: Campbell Bunk, Islington, Between the Wars (London, 1986)
Whitehand, J. W. R., The Changing Face of Cities: A Study of Development Cycles and Urban Form (Oxford, 1987)
Whiteland, J. W. R., The Making of the Urban Landscape (Oxford, 1992).
Wolpert, J., ‘Behavioural aspects of the decision to migrate’, Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 15 (1965)Google Scholar
Yelling, J. A., Slums and Slum Clearance in Victorian London (London, 1986)
Young, K., and Garside, P., Metropolitan London: Politics and Urban Change, 1837–1981 (London, 1982)
Young, M., and Willmott, P., Family and Kinship in East London (London, 1957)
Young, M., and Willmott, P., The Symmetrical Family (London, 1973)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×