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36 - Post-traumatic stress disorders and adjustment disorders

from Part III - Specific treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2010

By
Randall D. Marshall ,
Steven B. Rudin  and
Peter Tyrer
Edited by
Peter Tyrer  and
Kenneth R. Silk
Randall D. Marshall
Affiliation:
New York State Psychiatric Institute NY USA
Steven B. Rudin
Affiliation:
New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY USA
Peter Tyrer
Affiliation:
Imperial College London Claybrook Centre Charing Cross Campus London UK
Peter Tyrer
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Kenneth R. Silk
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Editor's note

Stress reactions run from Acute Stress Reactions and Adjustment Disorders to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The first two, in many instances, may be thought of as time limited in their impact and respond to many different types of psychosocial interventions. The primary purpose of intervening in these disorders is to facilitate more effecting coping with the stressor, reduce functional impairment, and return the individual to his previous level of active functioning in the community. PTSD has been shown to respond to both trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies and to pharmacological agents, particularly the SSRIs, though other pharmacologic interventions may impact some of the disturbed affect, anxiety, and lability, and to psychosocial interventions. As with many other disorders, there is a treatment resistant group that remain significantly impaired despite treatment, and long-term management of symptoms becomes the primary goal.

Introduction: differences in classification of stress disorders

The adjustment disorders, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (DSM-IV) all share the common feature of occurring as a response to an adverse environmental event or cluster of events. The distinction appears clear cut; post-traumatic stress disorders follow extreme stressors that are operationally defined, whereas adjustment disorders may follow any kind of stressor of a less serious degree.

Adjustment disorders are defined as “clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable psychosocial stressor or stressors” (DSM-IV), and must develop within 3 months of the stressor (DSM-IV).

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry , pp. 588 - 610
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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