Drugs and other physical treatments

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544392.050

48 - Drugs and other physical treatments

from Part III - Specific treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2010

Brian W. Jacobs ,

Jennifer A. Varley and

Jon McClellan

Edited by

Peter Tyrer and

Kenneth R. Silk

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Brian W. Jacobs: Affiliation:
The Michael Rutter Centre South London & Maudsley NHS Trust London UK
Jennifer A. Varley: Affiliation:
Children's Hosptial and Regional Medical Center Seattle, WA USA
Jon McClellan: Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Washington Medical School Seattle, WA USA
Peter Tyrer: Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Kenneth R. Silk: Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

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Summary

Editor's note

This chapter reviews principles and issues that need to be considered in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to children and adolescents. The brain is still developing during this period, and pruning of neurons and synapses goes on during different periods of childhood and adolescence. Fat distribution and protein-binding of medications in this group is different from adults, and issues related to absorption rate and metabolism rate also reveal differences not only between this age grouping and adults but also within different periods of childhood and adolescence. All this suggests that even more caution needs to be taken when prescribing psychotropics to children, even though there are many studies, as revealed by the tables that accompany this chapter, that suggest effectiveness of pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders during childhood and adolescence.

General issues in paediatric psychopharmacology

Currently, an estimated 6% of young people under the age of 20 years in the United States receive prescriptions for psychotropic medication. This number has increased two- to threefold over the past 15 years and now closely approximates rates found in adult populations (Zito et al., 2003). Prescriptions for adolescents and preschoolers have particularly been on the rise in recent years (Martin & Leslie, 2003; Zito et al., 2000). For preschoolers, a threefold increase in stimulant usage in the early 1990s is especially notable (Zito et al., 2000).

In the UK, use of medication is much less and has been less studied.

Type: Chapter
Information: Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry , pp. 733 - 740

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544392.050 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2008

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