Two significant recent developments concerning the archaeology of Iron Age central Italy call for a fresh analysis of settlement dynamics in the region and their relations vis-a-vis one another. The first development is the reconsideration of ancient urban centres as single entities, and the need, which has mostly been advocated for the classical and later historical Mediterranean, to examine the systems or networks within which these centres functioned. The second development is the increasing amount of fieldwork-based research in those regions that have been situated at the margins of scholarly interest. This chapter talks about the urban core in the Mid-Tyrrhenian region, proto-urban, urban and central places of Italy, political authority in the Mediterranean landscape, and exchange networks beyond Etruria. New studies and settlement evidence from the mid-Tyrrhenian coastal region have settled a lasting debate over the relationship between indigenous settlements and Greek settlements that were newly established from the eighth century BC in the Italic peninsula and Sicily.