Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T19:54:19.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

38 - Towards devolution: new Welsh writing

from PART FIVE - TOWARDS THE MILLENNIUM, 1970–2000

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Jane Aaron
Edited by
Laura Marcus  and
Peter Nicholls
Laura Marcus
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Peter Nicholls
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Get access

Summary

Wales is a small country, with two linguistic cultures, which, as a nation, has survived into the third millennium by the skin of its teeth. About a quarter of its 2.75 million inhabitants – only 5 per cent of the UK population as a whole – were not born in Wales, and accordingly are unlikely to have a strong sense of allegiance to it. While two-thirds of Scots identify themselves as Scottish as opposed to British, in a 1999 survey only 43 per cent of Welsh respondents saw themselves as Welsh first and foremost. Apart from a brief period of industrial prosperity during the early years of the twentieth century, it has remained one of the poorest areas in the UK, its household incomes at 10 per cent below those of the UK generally, and its output per head, in terms of GDP, currently standing at about 82 per cent of the UK average. Since its Anglo-Norman conquest in the thirteenth century, it has had few national institutions to mark its distinctiveness, apart from an indigenous language in steep decline during the twentieth century: the figures for Welsh-language speakers dropped from 54.4 per cent of the Welsh population in 1891 to 18.7 per cent in 1991. The long struggle to save the language from extinction in itself causes internal division in Wales, with some of the non-Welsh speaking majority seeing little purpose in spending scarce resources on keeping alive a culture they have already lost.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century English Literature , pp. 685 - 699
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aaron, Jane, Rees, Teresa, Belts, Sandra and Vincentelli, Moira, eds. Our Sisters’ Land: The Changing Identities of Women in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Acheson, James, and Huk, Romana, eds. Contemporary British Poetry: Essays in Theory and Criticism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Adam, Ian and Tiffin, Helen, eds. Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-Colonialism and Post-Modernism. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester, 1991.Google Scholar
Adams, Sam, ed., Seeing Wales Whole: Essays in the Literature of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Adorno, T. W., and Horkheimer, M.. Dialectic of Enlightenment. London: Verso, 1979.Google Scholar
Ahmad, Aijaz. ‘The Politics of Literary Postcoloniality’. Race and Class, 36, 3 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allnutt, Gillian, D’Aguiar, Fred, Edwards, Ken and Mottram, Eric, eds. The New British Poetry: 1968–1988. London: Paladin, 1988.Google Scholar
Alun, Richards, Home to an Empty House (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1973).Google Scholar
Anderson, Linda, ed. Plotting Change: Contemporary Women’s Fiction. London: Edward Arnold, 1990.Google Scholar
Ansorge, Peter. Disrupting the Spectacle: Five Years of Experimental and Fringe Theatre in Britain. London: Pitman, 1975.Google Scholar
Arden, John. To Present the Pretence: Essays on the Theatre audits Public. London: Eyre Methuen, 1977.Google Scholar
Armitage, Simon, and Crawford, Robert, eds. The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and Ireland. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1998.Google Scholar
Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen, eds. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Assiter, Alison. Enlightened Women: Modernist Feminism in a Postmodern Age. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar
Aston, Elaine. An Introduction to Feminism and Theatre. London: Routledge, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backscheider, Paula R.Reflections on Biography. Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Barker, Francis, Hulme, Peter and Iversen, Margaret, eds. Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial Theory. Manchester University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Barker, Howard. Arguments for a Theatre. Manchester University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Barrett, Michèle. Women’s Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist Feminist Analysis. London: Verso, 1980.Google Scholar
Barry, Desmond, A Bloody Good Friday (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002).Google Scholar
Barry, Peter. Contemporary British Poetry and the City. Manchester University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Batchelor, John, ed. The Art of Literary Biography. Oxford University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beagan, Glenda, The Medlar Tree (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1992).Google Scholar
Bennett, T., ed. Popular Fiction. London: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi K.The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi K.Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, 1991.Google Scholar
Bianchi, Tony. ‘Aztecs in Troedrhiwgwair: Recent Fictions in Wales’. In Bell, Ian ed., Peripheral Visions: Images of Nationhood in Contemporary British Fiction. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Birke, Lynda. Feminism and the Biological Body. Edinburgh University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Birkets, Sven. The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Reading in an Electronic Age. London: Faber & Faber, 1994.Google Scholar
Blau du Plessis, R., and Snitow, A.. The Feminist Memoir Project: Voices from the Women’s Liberation Movement. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Bloch, Ernst. The Utopian Function of Art and Literature: Selected Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Blom, Mattias Bolkéus. Stories of Old: The Imaginative West and the Crisis of Historical Symbology in the 1970s. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1999.Google Scholar
Bold, Alan. Modern Scottish Literature. Longman: Harlow, 1984.Google Scholar
Bolger, Dermot, ed. Druids, Dudes and Beauty Queens: The Changing Face of Irish Theatre. Dublin: New Island Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Bolter, Jay David. Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.Google Scholar
Bolting, F.Gothic. London: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar
Booth, Martin. British Poetry 1964–1984: Driving Through the Barricades. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.Google Scholar
Bradoitti, Rosi. Patterns of Dissonance: A Study of Women in Contemporary Philosophy. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Brah, Avtar. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar
Brauner, David. Post-War Jewish Fiction: Ambivalence, Self-Explanation and Transatlantic Connections. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braunstein, Peter, and Doyle, Michael William, eds. Imagine Nation: The American Counter-culture of the 1960s and 70s. New York: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Brightmore, Gillian, ‘Blue Sisters’, The Works, 1 (1988).Google Scholar
Brown, Terence. Ireland: A Social and Cultural History 1922–1985. 2nd edn. London: Fontana, 1985.Google Scholar
Brown, Tony, and Stephens, Russell. Nations and Relations: Writing across the British Isles. Cardiff: New Welsh Review, 2000.Google Scholar
Brydon, Diana, and Tiffin, Helen. Decolonising Fictions. Sydney and Hebden Bridge: Dangaroo, 1993.Google Scholar
Bukatman, Scott. Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Burnett, John, Vincent, David and Mayall, David, eds. The Autobiography of the Working Class: An Annotated Critical Bibliography. 3 vols. Vol. 111. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Bush, Clive. Out of Dissent: A Study of Five Contemporary British Poets. London: Talus, 1997.Google Scholar
Caddel, Richard, and Quartermain, Peter, eds. Other: British and Irish Poetry Since 1970. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Campbell, Matthew, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Contemporary Irish Poetry. Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, Helen, ed. From My Guy to Sci-Fi: Genre and Women’s Writing in the Postmodern World. London: Pandora, 1989.Google Scholar
Carruthers, Gerard, Goldie, David, and Renfrew, Alastair, eds. Beyond Scotland: New Contexts for Twentieth-Century Scottish Literature. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2004.Google Scholar
Case, Sue-Ellen, and Reinelt, Janelle, eds. The Performance of Power: Theatrical Discourse and Politics. University of Iowa Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.Google Scholar
Cawelti, J. G.Adventure, Mystery and Romance: Formula Stories as Art and Popular Culture. Chicago University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Cesarani, David. Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind. London: William Heinemann, 1998.Google Scholar
Charles, Gerda, ed. Modern Jewish Stories. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, Partha. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World. London: Zed Books, 1986.Google Scholar
Cheyette, Bryan, ed. Contemporary Jewish Writing in Britain and Ireland: An Anthology. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press and London: Peter Halban, 1998.Google Scholar
Cheyette, Bryan, and Marcus, Laura, eds. Modernity, Culture and ‘the Jew’. Cambridge: Polity Press, and Stanford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Cheyette, Bryan. Muriel Spark: Writers and Their Work. Plymouth: Northcote House, 2000.Google Scholar
Christiansen, Aileen, and Lumsden, Alison, eds. Contemporary Scottish Women Writers. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Clarke, Gillian, ‘Dyddgu replies to Dafydd’, The Sundial (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1978).Google Scholar
Cleary, Joe. Literature, Partition and the Nation State: Culture and Conflict in Ireland, Israel and Palestine. Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connolly, Claire, ed. Theorizing Ireland. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003.Google Scholar
Connor, Steven, Postmodernist Culture: An Introduction to Theories of the Postmodern. 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.Google Scholar
Connor, Steven, The English Novel in History, 1950–1995. London: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar
Conran, Anthony. The Cost of Strangeness: Essays on the English Poets of Wales. Llandysul: Corner Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Conran, Anthony. Frontiers in Anglo-Welsh Poetry. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Conran, Tony, ‘Referendum’, All Hallows: A Symphony in? Movements (Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Corbett, John. Language and Scottish Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Corcoran, Neil. After Yeats and Joyce: Reading Modern Irish Literature. Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Corcoran, Neil. English Poetry Since 1940. London: Longman, 1993.Google Scholar
Couser, G. Thomas. Recovering Bodies: Illness, Disability and Life Writing. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Craig, Cairns, ed. The History of Scottish Literature. 4 vols. Vol. iv: The Twentieth Century. Aberdeen University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Craig, Cairns. The Modern Scottish Novel: Narrative and the National Imagination. Edinburgh University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Craig, Cairns. Out of History: Narrative Paradigms in Scottish and British Culture. Edinburgh: Polygon, 1996.Google Scholar
Craig, Sandy, ed. Dreams and Deconstructions: Alternative Theatre in Britain. Ambergate: Amber Lane Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Crawford, Robert. Literature in Twentieth-Century Scotland: A Bibliography. London: British Council, 1995.Google Scholar
Crozier, Andrew, and Longville, Tim, eds. A Various Art. London: Paladin, 1990.Google Scholar
Curtis, Tony, ed. Wales: The Imagined Nation: Essays in Cultural and National Identity. Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Dannie, Abse, There Was a Young Man from Cardiff (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991).Google Scholar
Davie, Donald. Under Briggflatts: A History of Poetry in Great Britain 1960–1988. University of Chicago Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Davies, Grahame. ‘Resident Aliens: R. S. Thomas and the Anti-Modern Movement’. Welsh Writing in English: A Yearbook of Critical Essays, 7 (2001–2).Google Scholar
Davies, Hazel Walford, ed., State of Play: Four Playwrights from Wales. Llandysul: Corner Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Davies, James A. ‘“Two Strikes and You’re Out”: 1926 and 1984 in Welsh Industrial Fiction’. In Gustav Klaus, H. and Knight, Stephen, eds. British Industrial Fictions. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Davies, Jason Walford. ‘Allusions to Welsh Literature in the Writing of R. S. Thomas’. Welsh Writing in English: A Yearbook of Critical Essays, 1 (1995).Google Scholar
De Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex (1949), Trans. Parshley, H. M.. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972.Google Scholar
De Lauretis, Teresa. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film and Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deane, Seamus, gen. ed. The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing. 3 vols. Vol. III. Derry: Field Day, 1991.Google Scholar
Deane, Seamus, Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Deane, Seamus. Celtic Revivals: Essays in Irish Literature 1880–1980. London: Faber & Faber, 1985.Google Scholar
Devine, Thomas. The Scottish Nation 1700–2000. Penguin: London, 1999.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Ian, Read, Peter and Walter, James, eds. Shaping Lives: Reflections on Biography. Canberra: Australian National University, 1992.Google Scholar
Du Gay, Paul, Evans, Jessica and Redman, Peter, eds. Identity: A Reader. London: Sage, 2000.Google Scholar
Duncan, Andrew. The Failure of Conservatism in Modern British Poetry. Cambridge: Salt, 2003.Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry. ‘The Crisis of Contemporary Culture’. New Left Review, 196 (1992).Google Scholar
Earle, Jean, ‘Visiting Light’, Visiting Light (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Echols, Alice. Shaky Ground: The Sixties and its Aftershocks. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Eddershaw, Margaret. Performing Brecht: Forty Years of British Performances. London: Routledge, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edward, Thomas, House of America (1988) in Three Plays (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1994).Google Scholar
Elfyn’s, Menna, bilingual poetry collections include Eucalyptus (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1995)Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert. ‘The Kitsch Style and the Age of Kitsch’ (1935). In Gouldblom, Johan and Mennell, Stephen, eds., The Norbert Elias Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.Google Scholar
Eliot, and Eliot, , eds., Glas-Nos: Poems for Peace/Cerddi dros Heddwch and Wack, Amy and Davies, Grahame, eds., Oxygen: New Poets from Wales/ Beirdd Newydd o Gymru (Bridgend: Seren Books, 2000).Google Scholar
Ellmann, Mary. Thinking About Women. New York: Harcourt, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Christine, Cometary Phases (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1989).Google Scholar
Fazzini, Marco. Crossings: Essays on Contemporary Scottish Poetry and Hybridity. Venice: Supernova, 2000.Google Scholar
Feldman, Tony. An Introduction to Digital Media. London: Routledge, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felski, Rita. Beyond Feminist Aesthetics: Feminist Literature and Social Change. London: Hutchinson Radius, 1989.Google Scholar
Finlay, Richard J.Modern Scotland: 1914–2000. London: Profile, 2003.Google Scholar
Firestone, Shulamith. The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution. London: Women’s Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Fisher, Catherine, ‘Estuary Poems’, Altered States (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1999).Google Scholar
Fludernik, Monika, ed. Diaspora and Multiculturalism: Common Traditions and New Developments. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2003.Google Scholar
Fludernik, Monika. Echoes and Mirrorings: Gabriel Josipovici. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2000.Google Scholar
Frum, David. How We Go Here. The Seventies: The Decade that Brought You Modern Life (For Better or Worse). New York: Basic Books, 2000.Google Scholar
Fuchs, Elinor. The Death of Character: Perspectives on Theater After Modernism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Görtschacher, , Wolfgang, . Little Magazine Profiles: The Little Magazines in Great Britain 1939–1993. University of Salzburg Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Gibbons, Luke. Transformations in Irish Culture. Cork University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Gifford, Douglas, and McMillan, Dorothy, eds. A History of Scottish Women’s Writing. Edinburgh University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Gifford, , Douglas, , Dunnigan, Sarah, MacGillivray, Alan and Dickson, Beth, eds. Scottish Literature in English and Scots. Edinburgh University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Gillian, Clarke, Letter from a Far Country (Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1982).Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. London: Verso, 1993.Google Scholar
Gooch, Steve. All Together Now: An Alternative View of Theatre and Community. London: Methuen, 1984.Google Scholar
Graham, Day, Making Sense of Wales: A Sociological Perspective (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Gramich, , Katie, , and Hiscock, Andrew, eds. Dangerous Diversity: The Changing Faces of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Granelli, Roger, Dark Edge (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1997);Google Scholar
Greer, , Germaine, . The Female Eunuch. London: Paladin, 1971.Google Scholar
Hafner, , Katie, , and Lyon, Matthew. When Wizards Stay up Late: The Origins of the Internet. New York: Touchstone, 1996.Google Scholar
Hagemann, , Susanne, ed. Studies in Scottish Fiction: 1945 to the Present. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996.Google Scholar
Halberstam, Judith, Skin Shows: Gothic Horror and the Technology of Monsters. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart. ‘New Ethnicities’ (1988). In Procter, James ed., Writing Black Britain, 1948–1998: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Manchester University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Hampson, Robert, and Barry, Peter, eds. New British Poetries: The Scope of the Possible. Manchester University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Harte, Liam, and Parker, Michael, eds. Contemporary Irish Fiction: Themes, Tropes, Theories. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvie, Christopher. No Gods and Precious Few Heroes. Edinburgh University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Head, Dominic. The Cambridge Introduction to Modern British Fiction, 1950–2000. Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holderness, Graham, ed. The Politics of Theatre and Drama. London: Macmillan, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Richard. Footsteps: Adventures of a Romantic Biographer. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.Google Scholar
Homberger, Eric, and Charmley, John, eds. The Troubled Face of Biography. London: Macmillan, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooker, Jeremy. Imagining Wales: A View of Modern Welsh Writing in English. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Hooker, Jeremy. ‘Ceridwen’s Daughters: Welsh Women Poets and the Uses of Tradition’. Welsh Writing in English: A Yearbook of Critical Essays, 1 (1995).Google Scholar
Huk, Romana. Assembling Alternatives: Reading Postmodern Poetries Transnationally. Middletown, CT.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Humphreys, Emyr, Salt of the Earth (London: Dent, 1985).Google Scholar
Hunt, Albert. Hopes for Great Happenings. London: Eyre Methuen, 1976.Google Scholar
Itzin, Catherine. Stages in the Revolution: Political Theatre in Britain since 1968. London: Eyre Methuen, 1980.Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious. London: Methuen, 1981.Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. London: Verso, 1991.Google Scholar
JanMohammed, Abdul. Manichean Aesthetics: The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Mike, Graffiti Narratives: Poems ‘n’ Stories (Aberystwyth: Planet, 1994).Google Scholar
Jenkins, Nigel, ‘Brawdy’, in Jenkins, Nigel and Elfyn, Menna, eds., Glas-Nos: Poems for Peace/Cerddi dros Heddwch (Machynlleth: CND Cymru, 1987).Google Scholar
John, May, Reference Wales (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994) –8.Google Scholar
John, Tripp, ‘Henry VIII, of Ignoble Memory’, in The Loss of Ancestry, rpt in John, Ormond, ed., Selected Poems (Bridgend: Seren Press, 1989) –9.Google Scholar
Jones, Glyn. The Dragon Has Two Tongues: Essays on Anglo-Welsh Writers and Writing. 1968; Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Jones, Mary, Resistance (Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1985).Google ScholarPubMed
Jones, Peter, and Schmidt, Michael, eds. British Poetry Since 1970: A Critical Survey. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Jordan, Eamonn, ed. Theatre Stuff: Critical Essays on Contemporary Irish Theatre. Dublin: Carysfort Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Joyce, Michael. Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, Michael. Othermindedness: The Emergence of Network Culture. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, Cora. Seachanges: Essays on Culture and Feminism. London: Verso, 1986.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David. New Relations: The Refashioning of British Poetry 1980–1994. Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Kerbel, Sorrel, ed. Jewish Writers of the Twentieth Century. London and New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2003.Google Scholar
Kershaw, Baz. The Politics of Performance. London: Routledge, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kershaw, Baz. The Radical in Performance. London: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar
Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland. London: Jonathan Cape, 1995.Google Scholar
Kiberd, Declan. Irish Classics. London: Granta, 2001.Google Scholar
Kirkland, Richard. Literature and Culture in Ireland since 1965: Moments of Danger. Harlow: Longman, 1996.Google Scholar
Knight, Stephen. Form and Ideology in Crime Fiction. London: Macmillan, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, Stephen. ‘The Voices of Glamorgan: Gwyn Thomas’s Colonial Fiction’. Welsh Writing in English: A Year book of Critical Essays, 7 (2001–2).Google Scholar
Kreitman, Morris, ed. Jewish Short Stories of Today. London: Faber & Faber, 1938.Google Scholar
Landow, George, ed. Hyper/Text/Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Landow, George. Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Literary Theory and Technology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Lane, Richard, et al., eds. Contemporary British Fiction. Cambridge: Polity Press 2003.Google Scholar
Lavender, Andrew. ‘Turns and Transformations.’ In Chambers, Colin and Gottlieb, Vera, eds., Theatre in a Cool Climate. Oxford: Amber Lane Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Lawson, Peter, ed. Passionate Renewal: Jewish Poetry in Britain since 1945. Nottingham: Five Leaves, 2001.Google Scholar
Leader, Zachary ed., On Modern British Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2002Google Scholar
Lee, A. Robert, ed. Other Britain, Other British: Contemporary Multicultural Fiction. London: Pluto Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Lehrer, Natasha, ed. The Golden Chain: Fifty Years ofthejewish Quarterly. London and Oregon: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.Google Scholar
Leonora, Brito, dat’s love (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1995).Google Scholar
Lewis’s, Gwyneth, publications include Parables and Faxes (Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Books, 1995)Google Scholar
Litvinoff, Emanuel, ed. The Penguin Book of Jewish Short Stories. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.Google Scholar
Llewellyn-Williams, Hilary, ‘The Song of Blodeuwedd on a May morning’, The Tree Calendar (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Loizeaux, Elizabeth Bergmann, and Frestat, Neil, eds. Reimagining Textuality: Textual Studies in the Late Age of Print. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Longley, Edna. The Living Stream: Literature and Revisionism in Ireland. Newcastle: Bloodaxe, 1994.Google Scholar
Longley, Edna. Poetry in the Wars. Newcastle: Bloodaxe, 1986.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Lunenfeld, Peter, ed. The Digital Dialectic: New Essays on New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Lyotard, Jean-François. The Inhuman: Reflections on Time Today, trans. Bowlby, Rachel and Bennington, Geoffrey. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Malik, Afshan, ‘Safar’, in New Welsh Drama (Cardiff: Parthian Books, 1998).Google Scholar
Malzahn, Manfred. Aspects of Identity: The Contemporary Scottish Novel 1978-81. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1984.Google Scholar
McCarthy, Conor. Modernisation, Crisis and Culture in Ireland, 1969–1992. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000.Google Scholar
McCracken, Scott. Pulp: Reading Popular Fiction. Manchester University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
McDonald, Peter. Mistaken Identities: Poetry and Northern Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.Google Scholar
McGrath, John. The Bone Won’t Break: On Theatre and Hope in Hard Times. London: Methuen, 1990.Google Scholar
McGrath, John. A Good Night Out. London: Methuen, 1981.Google Scholar
McHale, Brian. Postmodernist Fiction. London: Methuen, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merriman, Catherine, State of Desire (London: Macmillan, 1996).Google Scholar
Middleton, Peter and Woods, Tim. Literatures of Memory: History, Time and Space in Postwar Writing. Manchester University Press. 2000.Google Scholar
Middleton, Peter. ‘The New Memoryism: How Computers Change the Way We Read’. New Formations, 50 (2003).Google Scholar
Miller, Jill, You Can’t Kill the Spirit: Women in a Welsh Mining Valley (London: Women’s Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Miller, Stephen Paul. The Seventies Now: Culture as Surveillance. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Minhinnick, Robert, ‘Smith’s Garage’, Life Sentences (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Mirza, Heidi Sana, ed. Black British Feminism. London: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Juliet. Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.Google Scholar
Modleski, Tania. Living with a Vengeance: Mass-Produced Fantasies for Women. London: Methuen, 1982.Google Scholar
Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London: Penguin, 1985.Google Scholar
Monterrey, Tómas, ed. Contemporary Scottish Literature 1970–2000. La Laguna, Canary Isles: Universidad de la Laguna, 2000.Google Scholar
Moretti, F.Signs Taken for Wonders: Essays in the Sociology of Literary Forms. London: New Left Books, 1983.Google Scholar
Morrison, Blake, and Motion, Andrew, eds. The Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982.Google Scholar
Murray, Janet H.Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. New York: Free Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Ned, Thomas, The Welsh Extremist: Modern Welsh Politics, Literature and Society (1970; new edn, Talybont: Y Lolfa, 1990) –2.Google Scholar
Nicholson, Colin. Poem, Purpose and Place: Shaping Identity in Contemporary Scottish Verse. Edinburgh: Polygon, 1992.Google Scholar
Nicol, Bran, ed. Postmodernism and the Contemporary Novel: Edinburgh University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
O’Donoghue, Bernard. Seamus Heaney and the Language of Poetry. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.Google Scholar
Olney, James. Metaphors of the Self: The Meaning of Autobiography. Princeton University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Pawling, C., ed. Popular Fiction and Social Change. London: Macmillan, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peach, Linden. The Contemporary Irish Novel: Critical Readings. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perks, Robert, and Thomson, Alistair, eds. The Oral History Reader. London: Routledge, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peter, Lawson. Singers of the Diaspora: Anglo-Jewish Poetry from Isaac Rosenberg to Elaine Feinstein. London and Oregon: Vallentine Mitchell, 2005.Google Scholar
Peter, Finch, ‘St David’s Hall’, or ‘Dydi’r Haf: ex-Dafydd ap Gwilym’, in Food (Bridgend: Seren Books, 2001) and 61.Google Scholar
Plummer, Ken. Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change and Social Worlds. London: Routledge, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentki, Tim. ‘Cop-out, Cop-in: Carnival as Political Theatre’. New Theatre Quarterly, 6 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quayson, Ato. Postcolonialism: Theory, Practice or Process?Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Raban, Jonathan. The Society of the Poem. London: Harrap, 1971.Google Scholar
Radford, Jean, ed. The Progress of Romance: The Politics of Popular Fiction. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.Google Scholar
Radstone, Susannah, and Hodgkin, Katharine. Contested Pasts: The Politics of Memory. London: Routledge, 2003.Google Scholar
Radway, Janice. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy and Popular Literature. Chapel Hill and London: North Carolina University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Raymond, Garlick, An Introduction to Anglo-Welsh Literature (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971) –4.Google Scholar
Raymond, Williams, in interview with Terry, Eagleton, ‘The Politics of Hope: an Interview’, in Terry, Eagleton, ed., Raymond Williams: Critical Perspectives (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Rebellato, Dan. ‘Introduction’. In Ravenhill, Mark, Plays: 1. London: Methuen, 2001.Google Scholar
Reinelt, Janelle, ed. Crucibles of Crisis: Performing Social Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Reinelt, Janelle, and Roach, Joseph, eds. Critical Theory and Performance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Riley, Denise, ed. Poets on Writing: Britain, 1970-1991. London: Macmillan, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Neil. A Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.Google Scholar
Roberts, Neil. Narrative and Voice in Postwar Poetry. London: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999.Google Scholar
Roche, Anthony. Contemporary Irish Drama: From Beckett to McGuinness. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1994.Google Scholar
Roger, Williams, ‘Gulp’, in New Welsh Drama (Cardiff: Parthian Books, 1998).Google Scholar
Rowlands, Ian, ‘Marriage of Convenience’ (1996) in Adams, David, ed., One Man, One Voice (Cardiff: Parthian Books, 2001).Google Scholar
Ruth, Bidgood, ‘Banquet’, Kindred (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Ruth, Bidgood, ‘Heol y Mwyn (Mine Road)’, Lighting Candles (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1982)., and ‘Slate-quarry, Penceulan’, Kindred.Google Scholar
Ryan, Ray, ed. Writing in the Irish Republic: Literature, Culture, Politics 1949-99. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.Google Scholar
Ryan, Ray. Ireland and Scotland: Literature and Culture, State and Nation, 1966–2000. Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Sage, Lorna. Women in the House of Fiction: Post-War Women Novelists. London: Macmillan, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, Edward. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 1978.Google Scholar
Samuel, Raphael, ed. People’s History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge, 1981.Google Scholar
Sarah, Waters, Tipping the Velvet (London: Virago, 1998), Affinity (London: Virago, 1999) and Fingersmith (London: Virago, 2002).Google Scholar
Sewell, Frank. Modern Irish Poetry: A New Alhambra. Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Sheenagh, Pugh, Earth Studies and Other Voyages (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1982).Google Scholar
Shepherd, Simon, and Wallis, Mick. Drama, Theatre, Performance. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Simon, and Wallis, Mick. Studying Plays. London: Edward Arnold, 2002.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Simon, and Womack, Peter. English Drama: A Cultural History. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.Google Scholar
Sheppard, Robert. ‘Artifice and the Everyday World: Poetry in the 1970s’. In Moore-Gilbert, Bart, ed. The Arts in the 1970s: Cultural Closure?London: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Showalter, Elaine. A Literature of their Own: British Women Novelists from Bront to Lessing. Princeton University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Siân, James, Storm at Arberth (Bridgend: Seren Books, 1994).Google Scholar
Skelt, Peterjon. Prospect Into Breath: Interviews with North and South Writers. Twickenham and Wakefield: North and South, 1991.Google Scholar
Smith, Dai. Aneurin Bevan and the World of South Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Smyth, Gerry. The Novel and the Nation: Studies in the New Irish Fiction. London: Pluto Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Sonntag, Jacob, ed. Caravan: A Jewish Quarterly Omnibus. London and New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1962.Google Scholar
Sonntag, Jacob, Jewish Perspectives: Twenty-five Years of Jewish Writing. London: Seeker & Warburg, 1980.Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri. ‘Can the Subaltern Speak’ In Nelson, Gary and Grossberg, Lawrence, eds. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. London: Macmillan, 1988.Google Scholar
Stevenson, Randall, The Oxford English Literary History, vol. XII, 1960-2000. Oxford University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Stevie, Davies, Impassioned Clay (London: Women’s Press, 2000); EricaWooff, Mud Puppy (London: Women’s Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Stone, Rosanne Allucquere. The War Between Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Sturrock, John. The Language of Autobiography: Studies in the First Person Singular. Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Sutherland, John. Reading the Decades: Fifty Years of the Nation’s Bestselling Books. London: BBC Worldwide, 2002.Google Scholar
Suvin, Darko. Positions and Presuppositions in Science Fiction. Kent State University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabbi, Joseph, and Wutz, Michael, eds. Reading Matters: Narratives in the New Media Ecology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anne-Marie, ed. Staging Wales: Welsh Theatre, 1979-1997. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Thomas, , ‘The Lost’, in No Truce with the Furies (Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1995).Google Scholar
Thomas, M. Wynn. Corresponding Cultures: The Two Literatures of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. Wynn. Internal Difference: Literature in Twentieth-Century Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. Wynn. ‘Emyr Humphreys: Regional Novelist?’ In Snell, K. D., ed., The Regional Novel in Britain and Ireland, 1800–1990. Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. Wynn, ‘Staying to Mind Things: Gillian Clarke’s Early Poetry’, in Elfyn, Menna, ed., Trying the Line: A Volume of Tribute to Gillian Clarke (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1997)Google Scholar
Thomas, Ned. The Welsh Extremist: Modern Welsh Politics, Literature and Society. 1971; new edn. Talybont: Lolfa Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. S., ‘It Hurts Him to Think’, What is a Welshman? (1974), Collected Poems 1945 – 1990 (London: Dent, 1993; new edn, London: Phoenix, 1995).Google Scholar
Thomas, R. S., ‘The Bush’, from Later Poems (1983), Collected Poems 1945–1990, London: J. M. Dent, 1993; Phoenix edn, 1995).Google Scholar
Tony, Conran, ‘Elegy for the Welsh Dead, in the Falkland Islands, 1982’, Blodeuwedd (Bridgend: Poetry Wales Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Trezza, Azzopardi, The Hiding Place (London: Picador, 2000).Google Scholar
Tripp, John, in interview with Nigel Jenkins, Planet, 60 (1987).Google Scholar
Trussler, Simon, ed. New Theatre Voices of the Seventies: Sixteen Interviews from ‘Theatre Quarterly’ 1970-1980. London: Eyre Methuen, 1981.Google Scholar
Tuma, Keith, ed. Anthology of Twentieth-Century British and Irish Poetry. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Tuma, Keith, ed. Fishing by Obstinate Isles: Modern and Postmodern British Poetry and American Readers. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Turkic, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. London: Phoenix, 1997.Google Scholar
van Erven, Eugene. Radical People’s Theatre. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Vice, Sue. Holocaust Fiction. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Walker, Marshall. Scottish Literature Since 1707. London and New York: Longman, 1996.Google Scholar
Wallace, Gavin, and Stevenson, Randall, eds. The Scottish Novel Since the Seventies: New Visions, Old Dreams. Edinburgh University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Waters, Sarah, Tipping the Velvet (London: Virago, 1998)Google Scholar
Watson, Roderick. The Literature of Scotland. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waugh, Patricia. Feminine Fictions: Revisiting the Postmodern. London and New York: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar
Webb, Harri, Western Mail interview, 2 April 1985.
Weedon, Chris. Feminism, Theory and the Politics of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.Google Scholar
Weintraub, Karl. The Value of the Individual: Self and Circumstance in Autobiography. University of Chicago Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Werlock, Abby H. P., ed. British Women Writing Fiction. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Whyte, Christopher ed., Gendering the Nation. Edinburgh University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Williams, Charlotte, Sugar and Slate (Aberystwyth: Planet, 2002).Google Scholar
Williams, Gwyn A., speech to the Women’s Institute, reported in Western Mail (24 April 1987)Google Scholar
Williams, Raymond. ‘Welsh Culture’. In Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism. London: Verso, 1989.Google Scholar
Williams, Raymond. The Welsh Industrial Novel. Cardiff University Press, 1979, rpt. in Problems in Materialism and Culture. London: Verso, 1980.Google Scholar
Wills, Clair. Improprieties: Politics and Sexuality in Northern Irish Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Windsor, Penny, Dangerous Women (Dinas Powys: Honno Press, 1987)Google Scholar
Wolff, Janet. Resident Alien: Feminist Cultural Criticism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Woodruff, Graham. ‘Community Class and Control: a View of Community Plays’. New Theatre Quarterly, 5, 20 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worpole, Ken. Dockers and Detectives. London: Verso, 1983.Google Scholar
Young, Robert. White Mythologies: Writing, History and the West. London: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×