At the turn of the nineteenth century, Scandinavia consisted of the two composite states of Denmark and Sweden.1 The Danish state comprised the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, the Danish Duchy of Schleswig, the German Duchy of Holstein, the North Atlantic dependencies of Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, and overseas colonies in the West Indies, the East Indies and the Gold Coast. In total, a population of 2.5 million people. The Swedish state consisted of Sweden proper, Finland, the Duchy of Swedish Pomerania in Germany, the Hansa town of Wismar, and Saint Barthélemy in the Caribbean. All in all, a total population of 3.3 people (Map 21.1).