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1 - The Rise of Chinggis Khan and the United Empire, 1206–1260

from Volume I Part 1 - Political History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

By
Ruth W. Dunnell
Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
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Summary

The emergence of a Mongol state in succession to the Kereyit khanate led to the creation of the largest land-based empire in history and a new people. The Mongols and their partners deployed and elaborated shared steppe political traditions that valued trade and customized the resources of both steppe and sedentary worlds. Under Chinggis Khan’s successor Ögödei, the mission of sacred world conquest and the ideology, governing mechanisms, and fiscal policies that enabled the attainment of this mission achieved sturdy articulation. Chinggisid priorities engendered massive demographic dislocation and transfers of peoples, and new patterns of commerce to support a robust imperial culture of consumption, patronage, and display. Early qa’ans’ ideological prerogatives and attempts to assert tighter control over resources inevitably clashed with their kinfolk’s customary claims. Tensions erupted into open civil war in 1260, but the new Chinggisid communicative space across Eurasia survived the breakup of the United Empire.

Keywords

Mongol identityChinggis KhanKereyit khanateUnited Mongol Empirequriltaikeshigsuccessioncampaignsimperial administrationtrade and taxationYeke Mongol Ulus
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The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 19 - 106
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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