Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 The Production of Preindustrial South African History
- 2 The Appearance of Food Production in Southern Africa 1,000 to 2,000 Years Ago
- 3 Farming Communities of the Second Millennium: Internal Frontiers, Identity, Continuity and Change
- 4 Khoesan and Immigrants: The Emergence of Colonial Society in the Cape, 1500–1800
- 5 Turbulent Times: Political Transformations in the North and East, 1760s–1830s
- 6 From Slave Economy to Settler Capitalism: The Cape Colony and Its Extensions, 1800–1854
- 7 From Colonial Hegemonies to Imperial Conquest, 1840–1880
- 8 Transformations in Consciousness
- Index
- References
1 - The Production of Preindustrial South African History
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 September 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 The Production of Preindustrial South African History
- 2 The Appearance of Food Production in Southern Africa 1,000 to 2,000 Years Ago
- 3 Farming Communities of the Second Millennium: Internal Frontiers, Identity, Continuity and Change
- 4 Khoesan and Immigrants: The Emergence of Colonial Society in the Cape, 1500–1800
- 5 Turbulent Times: Political Transformations in the North and East, 1760s–1830s
- 6 From Slave Economy to Settler Capitalism: The Cape Colony and Its Extensions, 1800–1854
- 7 From Colonial Hegemonies to Imperial Conquest, 1840–1880
- 8 Transformations in Consciousness
- Index
- References
Summary
INTRODUCTION
A new and distinctively post-apartheid historiography has yet to find its feet in relation to the period covered by this volume. Since 1994, when the first democratic elections were held in South Africa, there have been significant changes in the nature of public discourses about South Africa’s past. Settlerist and narrow nationalist (notably Afrikaner and Zulu) historical projects have, unsurprisingly, largely lost their impetus. Government efforts led by the African National Congress to invoke a new national past rooted in the black struggle against oppression have focused primarily on the twentieth century. The effort to achieve reconciliation and unity initially moved to deflect public discourse away from attending to the past except as it was manifested in the proceedings of, and the texts that flowed from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in 1995, and in a handful of legacy projects undertaken by the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology. Concomitantly, the 1990s saw the rapid growth of the particular genre of history commonly known as heritage – celebrating, commemorating, and often commodifying selected aspects of the past. Although heritage and public history courses and research have flourished, universities have experienced a sharp decline in the numbers of students enrolled in mainstream history courses, and the substantial cohorts of graduate students undertaking primary historical research, a feature of the radical history movement of the 1980s, have evaporated.
Small but encouraging signs of things to come are discernible in a variety of areas. Significant challenges lie in how to approach, or augment, the available archive for the period covered by this volume – an archive for the most part powerfully shaped by the colonial and later apartheid eras in which it was established – to facilitate new kinds of research. Key secondary texts that have given definition to how this period is understood themselves require critical review. Likewise, the exclusion of other texts from the historical canon may warrant reassessment.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of South Africa , pp. 1 - 62Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, Account of the Tribal Life and Customs of the Xhosa in 1807, translated by (Cape Town: A. A. Balkema, 1968;Google Scholar
, The Politics of Official Discourse in Twentieth-century South Africa (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 7.Google Scholar
, “‘Kafir time’: preindustrial temporal concepts and labour discipline in nineteenth-century colonial Natal,” Journal of African History, 29(2) (1988), pp. 229–44,Google Scholar
, Rewriting Modernity: Studies in Black South African Literary History (Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu – Natal Press, 2005).Google Scholar
, “The Great Debate and the Origins of South African Historiography,” Journal of African History, 38 (1997), pp. 261–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Of ‘Native skulls’ and ‘Noble Caucasians’: Phrenology in Colonial South Africa,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 22 (1996), pp. 387–404;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Evolution and Racial Theory: The Hidden Side of Wilhelm Bleek,” South African Historical Journal, 43 (2000), pp. 163–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(Ed.), The proceedings of the Khoisan Identities and Cultural Heritage Conference, held at the South African Museum, Cape Town, 12–16 July 1997, organised by the Institute for Historical Research, University of the Western Cape (Cape Town: Institute for Historical Research, University of theWestern Cape, 1998).Google Scholar
, Bushmen in a Victorian World: the remarkable story of the Bleek-Lloyd collection of Bushman folklore (Cape Town: Double Storey, 2006).Google Scholar
, Diverse People Unite: Two Lectures on Khoisan Imagery and the State (Edinburgh: Centre of African Studies, 2003).Google Scholar
, Manifest Perdition: Shipwreck Narratives and the Disruption of Empire – Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.)Google Scholar
, An Autobiographical Memoir (reprinted, Cape Town: Africana Connoisseur Press, 1963), pp. 279–80.Google Scholar
, Cape Dutch houses and farms, their architecture and history together with a note on the role of Cecil John Rhodes in their preservation (Cape Town: Balkema, 1953);Google Scholar
and (Eds.), Daghregister gehouden by den Oppercoopman Jan Anthonisz van Riebeeck, Deel I, 1651–1655 (Cape Town: A. A. Balkema, 1921), pp. XXVI–XXX;Google Scholar
, The Public Archives of South Africa 1652–1910 (Cape Town: Cape Times Limited, 1928).Google Scholar
, A Brief Guide to the Various Classes of Documents in the Cape Archives for the period 1652–1806 (Cape Town: Cape Times, 1918), pp. 1–8;Google Scholar
, Nursery Tales, Traditions and Histories of the Zulu (Pietermaritzburg: Davis and Springvale, 1868);Google Scholar
, Tiyo Soga: a page of South African mission work (Edinburgh; Andrew Eliot, 1878), p. 343,Google Scholar
, The Natal Papers: A Reprint of All Notices and Public Documents connected with that territory including a description of the country and a History of Events from 1498–1843, 2 parts (Grahamstown: R. Godlonton and Cape Town: J. H. Collard, 1843).Google Scholar
, “Bushman Religion: Open, Closed and New Frontiers,” in (Ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen (Cape Town: UCT Press, 1996), pp. 51–59.Google Scholar
, Rereading the Imperial Romance: British Imperialism and South African Resistance in Haggard, Schreiner and Plaatje (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Izindatyana zabantu: kanye nezindaba zaseNatal (Bishopstowe, 1858).
and , Of Revelation and Revolution: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1997), vol. 2, p. 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, To Bind a Nation: Solomon kaDinuzulu and Zulu Nationalism: 1913–1933 (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1993);Google Scholar
, “The Vacant Land: The Political Mythology of British Expansion in the Eastern Cape, South Africa,” Journal of Social History, 25 (1992), p. 266.Google Scholar
, The Politics of Evil: Magic, State Power and the Political Imagination in South Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), Chapters 2 and 3.Google Scholar
, “Christianity, Imperialism and Colonial Warfare,” in and (Eds.), A History of Christianity in South Africa (Pretoria: HAUM, 1994), p. 167;Google Scholar
, “Weaving the Fabric of Stone Age Research in Southern Africa,” in (Ed.), A History of African Archaeology (London: James Currey, 1990), pp. 39–58.Google Scholar
, “Witches and Missionaries in Nineteenth-century Transvaal,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 27(3) (2001), pp. 429–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, “The Voortrekker Monument: Monolith to Myth,” South African Historical Journal, 29 (1993), pp. 76–101;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, notably “Reading Rock Art,Writing History: Rock Art and Social Change in Southern Africa,” World Archaeology, 25 (1996), pp. 332–45.Google Scholar
, Racial segregation and the origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919–36 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989), p. 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Scientific racism in modern South Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995),Google Scholar
, Scientific Racism in modern South Africa (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 20–33.Google Scholar
, Blood Ground: Colonialism, Missions and the Contest for Christianity in the Cape Colony and Britain, 1799–1853 (Montreal & Kingston, Ithaca & London: McGill University Press, 2002);Google Scholar
, “Land, Politics, and Censorship: The Historiography of Nineteenthcentury Lesotho,” History in Africa, 15 (1988), pp. 192–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, History of the Basuto: Ancient and Modern, edited and translated by (London: Caxton, 1912).Google Scholar
, “Gendering Commonality: African Men and the 1883 Commission on Native Law and Customs,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 19(4) (2003), pp. 937–55.Google Scholar
, “The development of African historiography,” in (Ed.), General History of Africa, vol. I (London: Heinemann, 1981), p. 31.Google Scholar
, Plough, Sword and Book: The Structure of Human History (London: Collins Harvill, 1988),Google Scholar
, “Apartheid’s Anthropologists: The Genealogy of Afrikaner Anthropology,” American Ethnologist, 15 (1988), pp. 535–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
in Isigidima samaXosa (April 2, 1888),
, “Two Sources of Plaatje’s Mbudi,” in Munger Africana Library Notes, 37 (1976), p. 6.Google Scholar
, “Politics, Principles and Problems of a Profession: Afrikaner Historians and their Discipline, c.1920–c.1965,” Perspectives in Education, 12 (1990), pp. 1–19;Google Scholar
, “A Cultural Conundrum? Old monuments and New Regimes: the Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa,” Radical History Review, 81 (2001), pp. 95–112;Google Scholar
, Tricksters and Trances: Bushman Religion and Society (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), pp. 70, 88.Google Scholar
, “Class, Imperialism and Literary Criticism: William Ngidi, John Colenso and Mathew Arnold,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 23(2) (1997), p. 221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “‘Making Words Visible’: Aspects of Orality, Literacy, Illiteracy and History in Southern Africa,” South African Historical Journal, 31 (1994), pp. 3–27;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Archaeology and the modern world: colonial transcripts in South Africa and the Chesapeake (London and New York: Routledge, 2000).Google Scholar
, August 6, 1821, Periodical Accounts relating to the Missions of the Church of the United Brethren, established among the Heathen, VIII, London, pp. 197–8 (The “Bushmen” were described as “run-away Hottentots”).Google Scholar
, Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998)Google Scholar
, “Missionaries, Marxists and Magic: Power and Politics of Literacy in South-East Africa,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 27(3), 2001, pp. 405–27;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “‘Ominous’ Liaisons: Tracing the Interface between ‘Race’ and sex at the Cap,” in (Ed.), Coloured by History, Shaped by Place: New Perspectives on Coloured Identities in Cape Town (Cape Town: Kwela Books and SA History Online, 2001), Chapter 1.Google Scholar
, “The Archives and Library of the Berlin Missionary Society,” History in Africa, 23 (1996), pp. 411–27.Google Scholar
, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 12;Google Scholar
, The God of the Xhosa:AStudy of the Origins and Development of the Traditional Concepts of the Supreme Being (Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1982), Chapter 3.Google Scholar
, “We Spend Our Years as a Tale That is Told:”Oral Historical Narrative in a South African Chiefdom (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
, “Popularizing History: The Case of Gustav Preller,” Journal of African History, 29 (1988), pp. 21–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, The Morija Printing Office and Book Depot: A Historical Survey (Morija: Sesuto Book Depot, 1912), p. 9.Google Scholar
, “The Restructuring of Agrarian Class Relations in a Colonial Economy: The Orange River Colony, 1902–1910,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 5 (1979), pp. 234–54;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Religion, Customs, Population, Language, History and Natural Productions of the Country,” Transactions of the Missionary Society I (1800), pp. 433–68;Google Scholar
, “The Class of 1856 and the Politics of Cultural Production(s) in the Emergence of Ekukhanyeni, 1855–1910,” in (Ed.), Eye of the Storm: Bishop John William Colenso and the Crisis of Biblical Inspiration (Pietermaritzburg: Cluster, 2003), pp. 207–41.Google Scholar
, Civilising Barbarians: Missionary Narrative and African Textual Response in Nineteenth-Century South Africa (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
, Caput bonae spei hodiernum, das ist Vollständige Beschreibung des Africanischen Vorgebürges der Guten Hoffnung, 2 vols., Nürnberg (Peter Conrad Monrath, 1719), vol. I, pp. 353–4.Google Scholar
, Revolution from Above, Rebellion from Below: the Agrarian Transvaal at the Turn of the Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 7.Google Scholar
, “Leselinyana la Lesotho and Sotho Historiography,” zHistory in Africa, 4 (1977) 149–61;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Aunt Anna’s Report: the Buxton Women and the Aborigines Select Committee, 1835–37,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 32(2) (2004, pp. 1–28)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Restless Identities: Signatures of Nationalism, Zulu Ethnicity and History in the Lives of Petros Lamula (c. 1881–1948) and Lymon Maling (1889–c.1936) (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 2000),Google Scholar
, uZulukaMalandela: A Most Practical and Concise Compendium of African History Combined with Genealogy, Chronology, Geography and Biography (Durban: Josiah Jones, 1924).Google Scholar
and , in (Ed.), Dictionary of South African Biography, 5 vols., Capetown: Tafelberg for the Human Sciences Research Council, 1968–1987) II & IV;Google Scholar
, “Reformulating Identities: British Settlers in Early Nineteenth-century South Africa,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 23 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , San Spirituality: Roots, Expressions and Social Consequences (Cape Town: Double Storey, 2004).Google Scholar
, Believing and Seeing: Symbolic Meanings in Southern San Rock Paintings (London: Academic Press, 1981).Google Scholar
(Ed.), Stories that Float from Afar: Ancestral Folklore of the San of Southern Africa (Cape Town: David Philip, 2000),Google Scholar
, Travels in Southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806, 2 vols. (reprinted Cape Town: van Riebeeck Society, 1928–1929), vol. I, pp. 357–70.Google Scholar
and (Eds.), Africa and Empire: W.M. Macmillan Historian and Social Critic (London: Temple Smith for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1989);Google Scholar
, “‘Paralyzed Conservatives’: W. M. Macmillan, the Social Scientists and ‘the Common Society,’ 1923–48,” in and (Eds.), Africa and Empire, W.M. Macmillan, historian and social critic (Aldershot: Temple Smith for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1989), pp. 72–90.Google Scholar
, Bringing the Empire Home: Race, Class and Gender in Britain and Colonial South Africa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Cape Town: David Philip, 1996)Google Scholar
, Mandatory Sanctions: Bophuthatswana and Frontline OAU Nations (Lagos: Emmcon, 1988), p. 23.Google Scholar
, Brothers Born of Warrior Blood: Politics and Ethnicity in South Africa (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1992), section 2;Google Scholar
and (Eds.), Writing Colonial Histories: Comparative Perspectives (Melbourne: RMIT, 2002);Google Scholar
, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism and the State in Twentieth-Century Natal (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1986), p. 5.Google Scholar
, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism and the State in 20th-century Natal (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1986);Google Scholar
, “Khoisan resistance to the Dutch in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,” Journal of African History, 13 (1972), pp. 55–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The changing political economy of the region, 1920–1950,” in (Ed.), Political Economy and Identities in KwaZulu Natal (Durban: Indicator, 1996), Chapter 4;Google Scholar
, “Forced Labour in the Pilanesberg: The Flogging of Chief Kgamanyane by Commandant Paul Kruger, Saulspoort, April 1870,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 23(1) (March 1997), p. 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Imperial Leather: race, gender, and sexuality in the colonial conquest (New York, Routledge, 1994);Google Scholar
, “Missionaries, Xhosa Clergy and the Suppression of Custom,” in & (Eds.), Missions and Christianity in South African History (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1995), pp. 153–71.Google Scholar
, Chief Moroka: His Life, His Times, His Country and His People (Cape Town: Methodist Publishing House, 1951).Google Scholar
, The Rise of Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and the Afrikaner Civil Religion (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1975), pp. 180–1.Google Scholar
, “Professor Leo Fouché, the History Department and the Afrikanerisation of the University of Pretoria,” Historia, 38 (1993), pp. 51–63.Google Scholar
, Tracking Down Historical Myths: Eight South African Cases (Johannesburg: AD Donker, 1989).Google Scholar
, Rediscovery of the Ordinary: Essays on South African Literature and Culture (Johannesburg: COSAW, 1991), pp. 25–6.Google Scholar
, South Africa, Past and Present: a Short History of the European Settlements at the Cape (Cape Town: J. C. Juta, 1877).Google Scholar
, “Fighting with the Pen: The Appropriation of the Press by Early Xhosa Writers,” in (Ed.), Orality, Literacy, and Colonialism in Southern Africa (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2004), pp. 9–40;Google Scholar
, House of Phalo: History of the Xhosa people in the Days of their Independence (Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1981), p. 175.Google Scholar
, “The Lovedale Press: Literature for the Bantu Revisited,” History in Africa, 6 (1979), pp. 155–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Ethnicity and Pseudo-Ethnicity in the Ciskei,” in (Ed.), The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa (London: James Currey, 1987) pp. 396–413.Google Scholar
, Monarchs, Missionaries and African Intellectuals: African Theatre and the Unmaking of Colonial Marginality (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2000), pp. 187–8.Google Scholar
, Researches in South Africa, illustrating the civil, moral, and religious condition of the Native Tribes, 2 vols. (London: James Ducan, 1828).Google Scholar
, “100 Years Old and Still Making History: The Centenary of the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Cape Town,” South African Historical Journal, 50 (2004), pp. 199–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “British Humanitarians” and , John Fairbairn in South Africa (Cape Town: Historical Publication Society, 1984).Google Scholar
, “The British Humanitarians and the Cape Eastern Frontier, 1834–1836,” Archives Year Book for South African History, 51, 1988.Google Scholar
, The Power Beyond: Mission strategies, African conversiton and the development of a Christian culture in the Transvaal (Hamburg, Berlin and London: Lit-Verlag, 2001), esp. pp. 8–13;Google Scholar
, Migrant Kingdom: Mzilikazi’s Ndebele in South Africa (London: Rex Collings, 1978), pp. 123–5;Google Scholar
, “The Kat River, Rebellion and Khoikhoi nationalism: the fate of an ethnic identification,” Kronos: a Journal of Cape History, 24 (1997), pp. 91–105;Google Scholar
, Status and Respectability in the Cape Colony, 1750–1870: A tragedy of manners (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 47–51;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Beyond the Pale: Essays in the History of Colonial South Africa (Hanover & London: Wesleyan University Press, 1993), pp. 192–212;Google Scholar
, Moshoeshoe: Chief of the Sotho (London (etc): Heinemann, 1975), notably pp. 321–5, 331–4;Google Scholar
, The Making of the South African Past: Major Historians on Race and Class (Cape Town: David Philip, 1988), pp. 38–9.Google Scholar
, C. W. de Kiewiet: Historian of South Africa (Cape Town: Centre of African Studies Communications no. 10, 1986);Google Scholar
, “Zulu Oral Tradition and Literature,” in and (Eds.), Literature in African Languages: Theoretical Issues and Sample Surveys (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985);Google Scholar
, “Making the Past for South Africa’s Future; The Prehistory of Field-Marshal Smuts,” Antiquity, 76 (2002), pp. 200–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Imperial Historian as Colonial Nationalist: George McCall Theal and the Making of South African History,” in (Ed.), Studies in British Imperial History: Essays in Honour of A. P. Thornton (Houndmills: Macmillan, 1986), pp. 95–158.Google Scholar
, De Nederlandse Patriotten en de koloniën; Een onderzoek naar hun denkbeelden en optreden, 1770–1800 (Groningen: Tjeenk Willink, 1974), pp. 81–2.Google Scholar
, “The Roots and Development of Volkekunde,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 8 (1981), pp. 16–36;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “State of the discipline: Science, Culture and Identity in South African archaeology, 1870–2003,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 29 (2003), pp. 823–44;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Disciplining Archaeology: The Invention of South African Prehistory, 1923–1953,” Kronos, 28 (2002), pp. 127–45;Google Scholar
(Ed.), Claim to the Country: the Archive of Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek (Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Athens: Jacana and Ohio University Press, 2007),Google Scholar
, “Climate and Man in Africa,” South African Journal of Science, 29 (1932), pp. 98–131;Google Scholar
& , “‘A Volksvreemde historian’: J. A. I. Agar-Hamilton and the Production of History in an Alien Environment,” South African Historical Journal, 44 (2001), pp. 72–98;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Cecil Rhodes and the Cape Afrikaners: The Imperial Colossus and The Colonial Parish Pump (London: Frank Cass, 1996).Google Scholar
, The Role of the Missionaries in Conquest (Johannesburg: Society of Young Africa, 1953);Google Scholar
, “Knox, Robert (1791–1862),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006),Google Scholar
, Records of South-Eastern Africa, 9 vols. (Cape Town: Government of the Cape Colony, 1898–1903), vol. 1,Google Scholar
, The Political Mythology of Apartheid (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985), pp. 69–104.Google Scholar
, “Experiments with Truth and Justice in South Africa: Stockenström, Gandhi and the TRC,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 31(2) (2005), pp. 422–30;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Emergence of Liberalism and the making of ‘Hottentot Nationalism,’ 1815–1834,” Collected Seminar Papers of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London: The Societies of Southern Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 17 (1992);Google Scholar
(Ed.), History of Matiwane and the Amangwane Tribe as told by Msebenzi to his Kinsman Albert Hlongwane (Department of Native Affairs Ethnological Publications, Pretoria: Government Printer, 1935),Google Scholar
, Sol Plaatje: A Biography (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 2001, first published 1984), p. 327.Google Scholar
, Umfundisi: a biography of Tiyo Soga, 1829–1871 (Lovedale: Lovedale Press, 1978), pp. 112–13.Google Scholar
and (Eds.), Oxford History of South Africa, 2 vols. (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1968–1971).Google Scholar
, Apartheid’s Festival: Contesting South Africa’s national pasts (Bloomington & Cape Town: Indiana University Press and David Philip, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Savage Delight: White Myths of Shaka (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 2000).Google Scholar
, “Nineteenth-century Missionaries: Their Significance for Black South Africa,” in (Ed.), Essays on Black Theology (Johannesburg: University Christian Movement, 1972).Google Scholar
- 2
- Cited by