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(c) - The early unification of Norway

from 8 - Early political organisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Claus Krag
Edited by
Knut Helle
Knut Helle
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Bergen, Norway
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Summary

The political history of Norway in the Viking Age and the early Scandinavian Middle Ages has been dominated by one great theme, the political unification (Norw. rikssamling) of the different parts of the country into one kingdom. With this as their perspective Norwegian historians have been working on the period’s history for more than 150 years. Most of them have agreed that the unification process did not gain real momentum until the beginning of the eleventh century. Already in the 1850s P. A. Munch (1810–63), one of the founding fathers of modern Norwegian historiography, maintained that ‘a new chapter of Norwegian history’ could begin only ‘after the complete Christianisation and the elimination of the last remnants of Danish rule in Norway’.

At the same time many historians have regarded events both of the ninth and tenth centuries as being decisive for the political consolidation of Norwegian territory. In the social development of the Viking Age, or even earlier periods, they have seen certain determining factors at work which made the unification of Norway natural or almost inevitable. Accordingly the historians of the last two generations have generally laid less stress on historical events and described the unification primarily as a ‘social process’. This has implied a deterministic view that is not totally misleading for the period after 1035 when strong forces were working in the same direction. But in the preceding period a wide range of possibilities were open and determinism tends to obscure the fact that for a long time Danish kings made their presence felt in south Norway (see Chapter 8(c)).

Keywords

early Scandinavian Middle Ageselementary church organisationHarald FinehairDanish kingsDanish supremacyOlaf TryggvasonViking AgeOlaf HaraldssonNorwegian unification
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Chapter
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The Cambridge History of Scandinavia , pp. 184 - 201
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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