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15 - Liberalism and Nationalism: Trajectories of an Entangled Relationship

from Part II - Transnational and Religious Missions and Identities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2023

Cathie Carmichael
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Matthew D'Auria
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Aviel Roshwald
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
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Summary

Two of the most influential concepts of the long nineteenth century developed in a complex and entangled relationship that cannot be reduced to a mere dichotomy. At first sight, however, liberalism has often been interpreted “as both logically and morally incompatible with nationalism.”1 This incompatibility has been derived from the perspective of the early twentieth century when from the early 1920s onwards liberalism seemed to come under increasing pressure from both Bolshevism and fascism. Whether in its Italian version of fascism or in German National Socialism, European fascisms as the culmination of radical nationalism seemed to rely on the ultimate negation of those values and institutions which had been identified with the legacy of nineteenth-century liberalism, such as personal liberty, free trade, or a constitutional order. Hence the search for the early origins of the apparently obvious dichotomy between liberalism and nationalism followed the logic of retrospective teleology.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Further Reading

Baycroft, Timothy, and Hewitson, Mark (eds.), What Is a Nation? Europe, 1789–1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breuilly, John, Nationalism and the State, 2nd edition (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeden, Michael, Leonhard, Jörn, and Fernández, Javier Sebastián, (eds.), Liberalism: A Comparative Conceptual History (Oxford: Berghahn, 2019).Google Scholar
Langewiesche, Dieter, Liberalism in Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Roshwald, Aviel, The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Trentmann, Frank (ed.), Paradoxes of Civil Society: New Perspectives on Modern German and British History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
von Hirschhausen, Ulrike, and Leonhard, Jörn (eds.), Nationalismen in Europa: West- und Osteuropa im Vergleich (Göttingen: Wallstein, 2001).Google Scholar
Woolf, Stuart (ed.), Nationalism in Europe, 1815 to the Present: A Reader (London: Routledge, 1996).Google Scholar
Zimmer, Oliver, Nationalism in Europe, 1890–1940 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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