Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T00:46:39.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - National, world and women’s history: writers and readers in post-Conquest England

from I - AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

David Wallace
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Get access

Summary

An important function of literary histories is to organize discussions of texts into diachronic categories and groupings so the reader has a working map of a given literary period. This chapter, however, is the place for a less tidy kind of literary exploration as we consider the contexts of production and reception of material in English in post-Conquest England. One of our aims is to consider both how much and how little we can know about the audiences and the writers of early Middle English texts from the later twelfth and the thirteenth centuries. The chapter gives particular consideration to Laзamon’s Brut, a historical narrative about the foundations of society on the island of Britain and the eventual formation of England; to the handbook for anchoresses known as Ancrene Wisse, together with its associated ‘Katherine group’ of saints’ lives of Juliana, Katherine and Margaret; and to some related texts and textual traditions. A particular concern is the textual communities of religious women, their literary history, and their relation to texts imaging the history of the Britain they inhabited.

Elizabeth Salter has drawn attention to the limitations of attending only to works written in English as a means of understanding the literary scene of medieval England:

We can be tempted to dramatise the importance of what English literature exists, and to see its ‘history’ in an evolutionary way, as developing through lean periods of foreign domination to a national triumph after 1350. Theories of hidden continuity can be a useful way of disguising what appear to be empty spaces … [but] it may well be that the silences which seem to surround and isolate many English writings of the thirteenth and fourteenth century are, to the attentive ear, filled with the sounds of an active world which is only partly English, partly literary.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelard, and Heloise, . ‘Abelard’s Rule for Religious Women’. Ed. McLaughlin, T. P.. Medieval Studies 18 (1956).Google Scholar
Abelard, and Heloise, . ‘The Letter of Heloise on Religious life and Abelard’s First Reply’. Ed. Muckle, J. T.. Medieval Studies 17 (1955).Google Scholar
Abelard, and Heloise, . The Letters of Abelard and Heloise. Trans. Radice, Betty. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.Google Scholar
Anchoritic Spirituality: ‘Ancrene Wisse’ and Related Works. Ed. and Trans. Savage, Anne and Watson, Nicholas. Classics of Western Spirituality. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Ancrene, RiwleThe Recluse: A Fourteenth-Century Version of the ‘Ancren Riwle’. Ed. Pahlsson, Joel. Lund: Ohlsson, 1918.Google Scholar
Ancrene Wisse: Parts Six and Seven. Ed. Shepherd, Geoffrey. London: Nelson, 1959. Rev. edn Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Astell, Ann W.The Song of Songs in the Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Audrey, St.La vie sainte Audrée: Poème anglo-normand du XIIIe siècle. Ed. Södergaard, Östen. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1955.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Anna P.The Theme of Government in ‘Piers Plowman’. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1981.Google Scholar
Barratt, Alexandra. ‘Flying in the Face of Tradition: A New View of The Owl and the Nightingale’. University of Toronto Quarterly 56 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, W. R. J.English Medieval Romance. London: Longman, 1987.Google Scholar
Blamires, Alcuin (ed.), with Pratt, Karen and Marx, C. W.. Woman Defamed and Woman Defended: An Anthology of Medieval Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Bloch, R. Howard. Etymologies and Genealogies: A Literary Anthropology of the French Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Boureau, Alain. La Légende Dorée: Le système narratif de Jacques de Voragine (†1298). Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1984.Google Scholar
Brereton, Georgina (ed.). Des granz geantz. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1937.Google Scholar
Caldwell, Robert A.The “History of the Kings of Britain” in College of Arms MS.Arundel xxii’. PMLA 69 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannon, Christopher. ‘The Style and Authorship of the Otho Revision of Layamon’s Brut’. Medium Ævum 62 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carley, James P., and Crick, Julia (eds.). ‘Constructing Albion’s Past: An Annotated Edition of De Origine Gigantum’. Arthurian Literature 13 (1995).Google Scholar
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Gen. Ed. Benson, Larry D.. 3rd edn Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.Google Scholar
Christina, Markyate. The Life of Christina of Markyate, A Twelfth-Century Recluse. Ed. and Trans. Talbot, C. H.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Clanchy, Michael T.From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979.2nd edn Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1993.Google Scholar
Clayton, Mary. ‘Feasts of the Virgin in the Liturgy of the Anglo-Saxon Church’. Anglo-Saxon England 13 (1989).Google Scholar
Crick, Julia C.The Historia Regum Britannie of Geoffrey of Monmouth, IV: Dissemination and Reception in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1991.Google Scholar
Damian-Grint, P.A Twelfth-Century Anglo-Norman Brut Fragment’. In Short, Ian (ed.), Anglo-Norman Anniversary Essays. London: Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1993.Google Scholar
Edmund of Abingdon, St.Mirour de Seinte Eglyse: St Edmund of Abingdon’s ‘Speculum Ecclesiae’. Ed. Wilshere, A. D.. Anglo-Norman Text Society 40. London: Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1982.Google Scholar
Elkins, Sharon. Holy Women of Twelfth-Century England.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Farmer, D. H.The Oxford Dictionary of Saints.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Fiero, Gloria K., Pfeffer, Wendy and Allain, Marthe (eds. and trans.). Three Medieval Views of Women. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Frankis, John. ‘The Social Context of Vernacular Writing in the Thirteenth Century: The Evidence of the Manuscripts’. In Coss, P. R. J. and Lloyd, Simon D. (eds.), Thirteenth-Century England, 1. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1986.Google Scholar
Frankis, P. J.Laзamon’s English Sources’. In Salu, Mary and Farrell, Robert T. (eds.), J. R. R. Tolkien, Scholar and Story Teller. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Franzen, Christine. The Tremulous Hand of Worcester: A Study of Old English in the Thirteenth Century.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geoffrey, Monmouth. The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth. Ed. Griscom, Acton. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1929.Google Scholar
Gillingham, John. ‘The Context and Purposes of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain’. Anglo-Norman Studies 13 (1990).Google Scholar
Görlach, Manfred. The Textual Tradition of the South English Legendary.Texts, Leeds and Monographs, n.s. 6. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1974.Google Scholar
,Goscelin of Saint Bertin. ‘The Liber Confortatorus of Goscelin of Saint Bertin’. Ed. Talbot, C. H.. Analecta monastica 3e série. Studia Anselmiana Fase. 37. Rome: Herder, 1955.Google Scholar
Hartland, E. S.The Legend of St Kenelm’. Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucester Archaeological Society 39 (1916).Google Scholar
Hume, Kathryn. The ‘Owl and the Nightingale’: The Poem and its Critics.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Hunt, Tony. ‘The Old French Commentary on the Song of Songs in MS Le Mans 173’. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 96 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, Tony. ‘The Song of Songs and Courtly Literature’. In Burgess, Glyn S. (ed.), Court and Poet: Selected Proceedings of the Third Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Liverpool, 1980). Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1981.Google Scholar
Jacobus, Voragine. Jacopo a Voragine: Legenda Aurea, vulgo Historia Lombardica Dicta, ad Optimorum Librorum Fidem Recensuit Dr. Th. Graesse. Ed. Graesse, Theodor. Repr. Osnabrück: Otto Zeller Verlag, 1965.Google Scholar
Johnson, Lesley. ‘Return to Albion’. Arthurian Literature 13 (1995).Google Scholar
Kennedy, Edward Donald, Waldron, Ronald and Wittig, Joseph S. (eds.). Medieval English Studies Presented to George Kane.Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988.Google Scholar
Knowles, David. ‘Foreword’. In Cowan, Ian B. and Easson, David, Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland. 2nd edn London: Longman, 1976.Google Scholar
Laзamon, . Lawman: ‘Brut’. Trans. Allen, Rosamund. New York: Dent, 1992.Google Scholar
Laзamon, . Laзamon: ‘Brut’. ed. Brook, G. L. and Leslie, R. R.. 2 vols. Early English Text Society (Original Series) 250, 277. London: Oxford University Press, 1963, 1978.Google Scholar
Le Saux, Françoise H. M.Laзamon’s ‘Brut’: The Poem and its Sources.Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1989.Google Scholar
Leckie, R. William. The Passage of Dominion: Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Periodization of Insular History in the Twelfth Century.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Marie, France. Les Fables. Ed. Brucker, Charles. Louvain: Peeters, 1991.Google Scholar
Mason, Emma. ‘St Wulfstan’s Staff and its Uses’. Medium Ævum 53 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matter, E. Ann. The Voice of My Beloved: The Song of Songs in Medieval Western Christianity.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millett, Bella, and Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn (eds.). Medieval English Prose for Women: Selections from the Katherine Group and Ancrene Wisse. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Millett, Bella. ‘The Audience of the Saints’ Lives of the Katherine Group’. Reading Medieval Studies 16 (1990).Google Scholar
Millett, Bella. ‘The Origins of Ancrene Wisse: New Answers, New Questions’. Medium Ævum 61 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, N. J.Early Gothic Manuscripts 1250–1285. Vol. IV, pt. 2 of Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. London: Harvey Miller, 1988.Google Scholar
Nun, Barking. La vie d’Edouard le confesseur, poème anglo-normand du XIIe siècle. Ed. Södergaard, Östen. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1948.Google Scholar
Orm, (Orrm). The Ormulum. ed. White, R. M. and Holt, Robert. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1878.Google Scholar
Osith, St.An Anglo-French Life of St Osith’. Ed. Baker, A. T.. Modern Language Review 6 (1911).Google Scholar
Paris, Matthew. La Estoire de Seint Aedward le Rei. Ed. Wallace, Kathryn Young. Anglo-Norman Text Society 41. London: Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1983.Google Scholar
Pocock, J. G. A.Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History. London: Methuen, 1972.Google Scholar
Potts, Jennifer, Lorna, Stevenson and Jocelyn, Wogan-Browne (eds.). Concordance to ‘Ancrene Wisse’, MS Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 402. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993.Google Scholar
Ridyard, Susan J.The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: A Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Robert, Gloucester. The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester. Ed. Wright, William Aldis. 2 vols. Rolls Series 86. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1857–87.Google Scholar
Savage, Anne. ‘Piers Plowman: The Translation of Scripture and Food for the Soul’. English Studies 74 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, Ian. ‘Patrons and Polyglots: French Literature in Twelfth-Century England’. Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1991).Google Scholar
Spiegel, Gabrielle M.Genealogy: Form and Function in Medieval Historical Narrative’. History and Theory 22 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatlock, J. S. P.The Legendary History of Britain: Geoffrey of Monmouth’s ‘Historia regum Britanniae’ and its Early Vernacular Versions.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1950.Google Scholar
The Owl and the Nightingale: Reproduced in Facsimile from the Surviving Manuscripts Jesus College Oxford 29 and British Museum Cotton Caligula A. ix. Ed. Ker, N. R.. Early English Text Society (Original Series) 251. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.Google Scholar
The Song of Songs: A Twelfth-Century French Version. Ed. Pickford, C. E.. London: Oxford University Press for the University of Hull, 1974.Google Scholar
The South English Legendary. Ed. D’Evelyn, Charlotte and Mill, Anna J.. Early English Text Society (Original Series) 235, 236, 244. London: Oxford University Press, 1956–9.Google Scholar
The Southern Version of the ‘Cursor Mundi’. Ed. Horrall, Sarah M.. 4 vols. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1978–90.Google Scholar
The Wohunge of Ure Lauerd. ed. Thompson, W. Meredith. Early English Text Society (Original Series) 241. London: Oxford University Press, 1958.Google Scholar
Thompson, Sally. Women Religious: The Founding of English Nunneries after the Norman Conquest.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Tolkien, J. R. R.Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad’. Essays and Studies 14 (1929).Google Scholar
Tyson, Diana B.Patronage of French Vernacular History Writers in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries’. Romania 100 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wace, . Le Roman de Brut de Wace. Ed. Arnold, Ivor. 2 vols. Paris: Société des Anciens Textes Français, 1938, 1940.Google Scholar
Wace: La Conception Nostre Dame. Ed. Ashford, W. R.. Menasha Wisc.: George Banta, 1933.Google Scholar
Warren, Ann K.Anchorites and their Patrons in Medieval England.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Carole. ‘“By a noble church on the bank of the Severn”: A Regional View of Laзamon’s Brut’. Leeds Studies in English n.s. 26 (1995).Google Scholar
Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn. ‘Chaste Bodies’. In Kay, Sarah and Rubin, Miri (eds.), Framing Medieval Bodies,. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn. ‘Re-Routing the Dower: The Anglo-Norman Life of St Audrey by Marie [of Chatteris?]’. In MacLean, Sally-Beth and Carpenter, Jennifer (eds.), Power of the Weak: Studies on Medieval Women.Urbana: University of Illinois Press (1995).Google Scholar
Zettersten, Arne. Studies in the Dialect and Vocabulary of the ‘Ancrene Riwle’. Lund Studies in English 34. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1965.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×