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29 - Literature and the other arts

from LITERATURE AND OTHER DISCIPLINES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
David Marshall  and
Dean Mace
Edited by
H. B. Nisbet  and
Claude Rawson
H. B. Nisbet
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Claude Rawson
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
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Summary

Ut pictura poesis

David Marshall

In his Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, Burke argued that the effect of words ‘does not arise by forming pictures of the several things they would represent in the imagination’. Insisting that ‘on a very diligent examination of my own mind, and getting others to consider theirs, I do not find that once in twenty times any such picture is formed’, Burke asserts: ‘Indeed, so little does poetry depend for its effect on the power of raising sensible images, that I am convinced it would lose a very considerable part of its energy, if this were the necessary result of all description.’ As Burke's appeal to empiricism suggests, however, it was not at all uncommon in 1757 (the year the Enquiry was published) to assume that words, especially words in poems, could represent and even present pictures. Nine years later, in 1766, when Lessing set out to delineate the effects of painting and poetry in his Laocoön, he announced his intention to counteract the ‘false taste’ and ‘unfounded judgements’ that had converted Simonides' assertion that paintings were silent poems and poems were speaking pictures into a set of rules for artists and critics.

Both Lessing and Burke sought to refute different aspects of the tradition known as ut pictura poesis–those famous words that were taken out of context from Horace's Art of Poetry to stand for the belief that poetry and painting were or should be alike. Eventually arguments that disputed the power of description to produce images and the analogies between poetry and painting would lead to the undoing of this tradition; but Burke and Lessing were responding to views that had become pervasive by the second half of the eighteenth century.

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The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism , pp. 681 - 741
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1997

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