Several of the major sixteenth-century European chroniclers of Spanish exploration and settlement in the New World provide primary material concerning the native customs of the Greater Antilles, northern Venezuela, the northern half of Colombia and lower Central America. The following sources are, therefore, fundamental to any ethnohistorical research concerning the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean: Pietro Martire d’Anghiera, De Orbe Novo, available in two volumes in English translation by Francis Augustus MacNutt under the title De Orbe Novo, The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr d’Anghera (New York, 1912); Bartolomé de Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, edited in three volumes by Agustín Millares Carlo (Mexico, D.F., 1951); Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdéz, Historia general y natural de las Indias, 5 vols. (1851–5; Madrid, 1959), and, by the same author, Sumario de la natural historia de las Indias (1526; Mexico, D.F., 1950), translated into English and edited by Sterling A. Stoudemire as Natural History of the West Indies (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1959). Historie del S.D. Fernando Colombo (Venice, 1571), also published by Ramón Iglesia as Vida del Almirante Don Cristóbal Colón (Mexico, D.F., 1947), should also be consulted, particularly for the Greater Antilles and lower Central America. This record of Columbus’s voyages has been translated into English by Benjamin Keen as The Life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by his Son, Ferdinand (New Brunswick, N.J., 1959).