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8 - Brazilian Society: Continuity and Change, 1930–2000

from PART TWO - ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2009

By
Nelson do Valle Silva
Edited by
Leslie Bethell
Nelson do Valle Silva
Affiliation:
Professor of Sociology, Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Candido Mendes
Leslie Bethell
Affiliation:
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

In the seventy years between 1930 and 2000 Brazil’s population grew approximately five times. There are no precise data on Brazil’s population in 1930. The so-called Revolution of 1930 made it impossible to carry out the planned census. However, since the population was 30.6 million in 1920 and 41.2 million in 1940, it can be reasonably estimated to have been around 34 million. The census of 2000 shows a population of almost 170 million. See Table 8.1.

The annual rate of growth of the Brazilian population was an estimated 2.9 percent in the first twenty years of the twentieth century (with a significant contribution from immigration, mainly Italians, Spanish and, after 1908, Japanese in São Paulo, Portuguese in Rio de Janeiro, Germans and other central and eastern Europeans in the South). It fell to about 1.5 percent during the next twenty years, and started to rise again (this time as a result of natural growth) in the 1940s, reaching the impressive rate of almost 3 percent per annum in the 1950s and 1960s. However, after the mid-1960s the rate of growth began to decrease again as a result of a sharp fall in the birthrate. At the end of the century it was once again little more than 1.5 percent per annum. See Table 8.1. and Table 8.2.

The rapid economic growth and modernisation that Brazil experienced after 1930, especially between 1940 and 1980, followed a familiar pattern: on the one hand, a marked reduction in the numbers employed in agriculture; on the other hand, growth in employment in industry, the dynamic driving force in the process, andmore particularly in the service sector.

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The Cambridge History of Latin America , pp. 455 - 544
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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