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12 - The Laws

from THE BEGINNINGS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
André Laks
Edited by
Christopher Rowe  and
Malcolm Schofield
With
Simon Harrison  and
Melissa Lane
André Laks
Affiliation:
University of Lille III
Christopher Rowe
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Malcolm Schofield
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Simon Harrison
Affiliation:
St John's College, Cambridge
Melissa Lane
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

A singular work

The Laws can be considered the first work of genuine political philosophy in the Western tradition. Admittedly it was conceived within an already complex tradition of philosophical legislation and speculative constructions, in which the Republic holds an important place. But so far as we can judge, the Laws’ combination of an investigation into the foundations of legislation with the concrete elaboration of detailed laws is without precedent. From this point of view, the Republic is at best a sketch, whereas the Laws breaks ground for future political thought.

Part of the work’s importance lies in its having created a new genre, or rather two, by combining two approaches which posterity would come to distinguish. The Laws is at once an exposition of political principles (comparable to Rousseau’s Social Contract or Hegel’s Principles of the Philosophy of Right), and a treatise of applied legislation (comparable to the Project for the Constitution of Corsica or the proposal for a German Constitution). Moreover, several concepts elaborated in the Laws have proved of lasting value to political philosophy. The so-called principle of Lord Acton, that absolute power corrupts absolutely, is already formulated in the Laws. More positive philosophical ideas first articulated in the Laws include the ‘mixed constitution’, the ‘rule of law’, and last but not least the ‘legislative preamble’. Plato himself presents this last item as his greatest legislative innovation (722e1–4).

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Information
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought , pp. 258 - 292
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

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