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from Part 2 - Society and Realia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 October 2019
Sogdians (Suteren) were an ancient Central Asian Iranian people; their language was an Eastern Iranian dialect within the Indo-European language family. Their basic homeland was along the Zarafshan river, between the Central Asian Amu Darya (Oxus) and Syr Darya (Jaxartes) rivers, an area known anciently as Sogdiana, located primarily in modern Uzbekistan, with parts also falling within modern Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. There were a number of city-states of varying sizes in the large and small oases of this region. The largest was Samarkand (Kangguo), which often served in a leadership role for the various Sogdian city-states. In addition, there was Bukhārā (Anguo), which was also relatively large; Sutrūshana or Ustrūshana (East Caoguo); Kabudhan or Kapūtānā (Caoguo); Ishitīkhan (West Caoguo); Māymurgh (Miguo); Kushāṇika (Heguo); Kish or Shahr-i-Sabz (Shi3guo); and Čač (Shi2guo).
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