Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T00:07:15.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

16 - Al-Ghazālī

from Part III - Reformation, Renaissance, Enlightenment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2021

Michael Ruse
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Stephen Bullivant
Affiliation:
St Mary's University, Twickenham, London
Get access

Summary

In the late modern period, western powers began to study eastern cultures, religions, languages, and territories other than their own under the label of orientalism. In his groundbreaking book, Edward Said (1978) came to eventually redefine what orientalism really was. In his understanding it was the rationalization of a Eurocentric worldview within which the ‘others’ (eastern civilizations) were depicted as inferior, intellectually inadequate, and regressive as a means of justifying the political, cultural, and intellectual superiority of the west. While much can be critiqued of Said’s project, it is nonetheless not absolutely untrue.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adamson, Peter. 2016. Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ahmad, ‘ Azmi T. Al-Sayyed. 1981. ‘Al-Ghazālī’s Views on Logic’. PhD diss., University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
al-Akiti, Afifi. 2009. ‘The Good, the bad and the ugly of Falsafa: Al-Ghazālī’s Madnun, Tahafut, and Maqasid, with particular attention to their Falsafi treatments of god knowledge of temporal events’. In Tzvi Langermann, Y. (ed.) Avicenna and His Legacy. Brepols: Turnhout, 51100.Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abu Hamid. 1980. Deliverance from Error, trans. Richard J. McCarthy. Louisville, KY: Twayne Publishers.Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abu Hamid. 2000. The Incoherence of the Philosophers, trans. Michael E. Marmura. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press.Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abu Hamid. 2012. Moderation in Belief, trans. Aladdin M. Yaqub. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abu Hamid. 2013. The Jewels of the Quran, trans. Muhammad Abul Quasem. Selangor: Islamic Book Trust.Google Scholar
al-Ghazālī, Abu Hamid. 2015. The Book of Knowledge, trans. Kenneth Honerkamp. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitaie.Google Scholar
Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. 2015. Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Altaie, Basil. 2015. God, Nature, and the Cause: Essays on Islam and Science. Abu Dhabi: Kalam Research and Media.Google Scholar
Averroes, . 1954. Averroes’ Tahafut Al-Tahafut: The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Volume I and II), trans. by Simon Van Den Bergh. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Campanini, Massimo. 2019. Al-Ghazali and the Divine. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dallal, Ahmad. 2010. Islam, Science, and the Challenges of History. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
De Boer, Tjitze J. 1903. The History of Philosophy in Islam, trans. Edward R. Jones. London: Luzac.Google Scholar
Deen, S. M. 2007. Science under Islam: Rise, Decline and Revival. Self-Published.Google Scholar
DeWitt, Richard. 2010. Worldviews: An Introduction to the History and Philosophy of Science. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Economist, The. 2015. ‘A millennium-old argument’. Accessed 13 June 2019 at: www .economist.com/erasmus/2015/04/22/a-millennium-old-argument.Google Scholar
Edis, Taner. 2007. An Illusion of Harmony: Science and Religion in Islam. New York: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Fakhry, Majid. 1958. Islamic Occasionalism. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Frank, Richard M. 1992. Creation and the Cosmic System: Al-Ghazālī and Avicenna. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag.Google Scholar
Frank, Richard M. 1994. Al-Ghazālī and the Ash’arite School. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Griffel, Frank. 2002. ‘The relationship between Averroes and al-Ghazālī as it presents itself in Averroes’ early writings, especially in his commentary on al-Ghazālī’s al-Mustaṣfā’, in Inglis, John (ed.) Medieval Philosophy and the Classical Tradition in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. London: Curzon Press, 5163.Google Scholar
Griffel, Frank. 2009. Al-Ghazālī’s Philosophical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Griffel, Frank. 2011. ‘The western reception of al-Ghazālī’s cosmology from the Middle Ages to the 21st century’. Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 16, 3362.Google Scholar
Gutas, Dimitri. 2018. ‘Avicenna and after: the development of paraphilosophy. A history of science approach’, in Ghouz, Abdelkader Al (ed.) Islamic Philosophy from the 12th to the 14th Century. Göttingen: V&R Unipress GmbH, 1972.Google Scholar
Haq, Syed Nomanul. 2009. ‘That medieval Islamic culture was inhospitable to science’, in Numbers, Ronald L. (ed.) Galileo Goes to Jail and other Myths about Science and Religion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 3542.Google Scholar
Haq, Syed Nomanul. 2010. ‘Occult sciences and medicine’, in Irwin, Robert (ed.) The New Cambridge History of Islam – Part 4: Learning, Arts, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 640–67.Google Scholar
Hoodbhoy, Pervez. 1991. Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Warraq, Ibn. 1995. Why I am Not a Muslim. New York: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Iqbal, Muzaffar. 2007. Science and Islam. London: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Johnstone, Nathan. 2018. The New Atheism, Myth, and History: The Black Legends of Contemporary Anti-religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladyman, James. 2002. Understanding Philosophy of Science. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
MacDonald, Duncan B. 1903. Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Malik, Shoaib Ahmed. 2018. Atheism and Islam: A Contemporary Discourse. Abu Dhabi: Kalam Research and Media.Google Scholar
Malik, Shoaib Ahmed. 2019. ‘God, information and the world: the metaphysics of William Dembski and Al-Ghazālī’. Philosophy. 984(4), 547–76.Google Scholar
Melvin-Koushki, Matthew. 2017. ‘Powers of one: the mathematicalization of the occult sciences in the high Persianate tradition’. Intellectual History of the Islamic World 5, 127–99.Google Scholar
Naqvi, K. Razi. 2015. Can Science Come back to Islam? Self-published.Google Scholar
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein and Leaman, Oliver (eds.). 1995. History of Islamic Philosophy. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Dagli, Caner K., Dakake, Maria Massi, et al. 2015. The Study Quran. New York: HarperOne.Google Scholar
Ormsby, Eric. 1984. Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The Dispute Over Al-Ghazali’s Best of All Possible Worlds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ormsby, Eric. 2007. Ghazali: The Revival of Islam. London: Oneworld Publications.Google Scholar
Painter, Borden W. 2014. The New Atheist Denial of History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Qadir, C. A. 1988. Philosophy and Science in the Islamic World. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Quinn, Frederick. 2008. The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ragep, Jamil. 2008. ‘When did Islamic science die (and who cares)?ViewPoint: Newsletter of the British Society for the History of Science 85, 1–3.Google Scholar
Rahman, Fazlur. 1984. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, Robert R. 2011. The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis. Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Salibra, George. 2011. Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sharif, Mian M. 1963. A History of Muslim Philosophy with Short Accounts of Other Disciplines and the Modern Renaissance in Muslim lands, vol. 1. Karachi: Royal Book CompanyGoogle Scholar
Tamer, Georges. 2015. ‘Revelation, sciences and symbolism: al-Ghazālī’s Jawahir Al Quran’, in Tamer, Georges (ed.) Islam and Rationality, vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, Steven. 2008. ‘Without god’. Accessed 13 June 13 2019 at: www.nybooks.com/articles/2008/09/25/without-god.Google Scholar
Wild, Stefan. 1996. ‘Islamic enlightenment and the paradox of Averroes.’ Die Welt des Islams 36, 379–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YouTube. 2012. ‘Renown astrophysicist Dr. Neil Degrasse Tyson explains what went wrong with Islam’. Accessed 13 June 13 2019 at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZCuF733p88.Google Scholar
YouTube. 2013. ‘The intellectual collapse of Islam’. Accessed 13 June 2019 at: https://youtu.be/Fl1nJC3lvFs.Google Scholar
YouTube. 2017. ‘Neil deGrasse Tyson, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, and the decline of science in the Islamic world’. Accessed 13 June 2019 at: https://youtu.be/1qLSzhuTCXc.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×