Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T12:58:35.086Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - Southern Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Francis Wilson
Edited by
Michael Crowder
Francis Wilson
Affiliation:
University of Cape Town
Get access

Summary

In southern Africa, as in Ireland, history is formidably active in politics. What people believe about their past has been both a consequence and a cause of conflict, and also a source of political energy. People are not chess pieces. Their next move depends not only on where they are in relation to others but also on how they got there, and on how they think they got there. No matter how loaded it may be, the historical luggage which people carry in their heads, and in their school textbooks, is an important fact.

Such luggage is generally of three types. One is the moving symbol with which men seek ‘to rally support for themselves or some cause, or to maintain a distinction’. Secondly there is the searing event which has happened recently enough for many people to have experienced it themselves, or to have grown up in homes where parents or grandparents were still affected by its having happened to them. Thirdly there is the political myth whose supposed happening is used to justify certain political beliefs or actions. All three types of luggage are carried about everywhere but their weight, both relative and absolute, varies in different societies at different times. In southern Africa in the 1930s there was an abundance of such luggage although not everybody carried the same pieces.

For blacks the most important historic event was the loss of land to white conquerors. The hundred-year war in the eastern Cape, in Natal and elsewhere, culminating in the Land Act of 1913 which prohibited Africans from buying land outside the residual reserves was a bitter memory.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Africa , pp. 251 - 330
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahams, P. Mine boy. London, 1946.
Abrahams, Peter, Tell freedom (London, 1954).
Adam, Heribert and Giliomee, Hermann, Ethnic power mobilised: can South Africa change? (New Haven, 1979).
Archer, S. F., ‘The winter of our discontent: issues and policies of income distribution in South Africa’, South African Outlook, December 1978.Google Scholar
Ashton, H. The Basuto. London, 1952.
Ballinger, M. From union to apartheid. Cape Town, 1969.
Barber, J. P. South Africa's foreign policy 1945–1970. London, 1973.
Barker, A. The man next to me. London, 1962.
Basutoland, , Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland. Report of an economic survey mission (Morse, Chairman C.). London, 1960.
Benson, M. The African patriots. London, 1963.
Benson, Mary, Tshekedi Khama (London, 1960).
Bloom, H. Episode. London, 1956.
Brandel-Syrier, M. Black women in search of God. London, 1962.
*Brink, A. Dry white season. London, 1980.
Brookes, E. H. Apartheid- a documentary study of modern South Africa. London, 1968.
Brown, A. C. ed. A history of scientific endeavour in South Africa. Cape Town, 1977.
Brutus, D. Letters to Martha and other poems from a South African prison. London, 1968.
Budlender, G. M., ‘Administrative rule of African workers’, Responsa Meridiana, 1975, 3.Google Scholar
Bundy, C. The rise and fall of the South African peasantry. London, 1978.
Bunting, B. Moses Kotane, South African revolutionary. London, 1975.
Bunting, B. The rise of the South African reich. Harmondsworth, 1969.
Butler, J., Rotberg, R. I. and Adams, J. The black homelands of South Africa. Berkeley, 1977.
Butterfleld, P. H. A history of education in Lesotho. Pretoria, 1977.
Carstens, W. P. The social structure of a Cape Coloured reserve. Cape Town, 1966.
Carter, G. M. and Philip, M. From the front line: speeches of Sir Seretse Khama. London, 1980.
Červenka, Z. and Rogers, B. The nuclear axis. London, 1978.
Clark, Dick, US corporate interests in South Africa (Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Washington, 1978).
Clarke, E. and Ngobese, J. Women without men. Durban, 1975.
Cronje, G. Regverdige rasse-apartheid. Stellenbosch, 1947.
Davenport, T. R. H. & Hunt, K. S. The right to the land. Cape Town, 1974.
Davies, R. H. Capital, state, and white labour in South Africa, 1900–1960. Brighton, 1979.
De Vries, J. L. Mission and Colonialism in Namibia. Johannesburg, 1978.
Desmond, C. The discarded people. Johannesburg, c. 1967.
Devereux, S. South African income distribution 1900–1980. Cape Town, 1983.
Dickman, Aubrey, ‘Investment — the implications for economic growth and living standards’, Optima, 1977, I;Google Scholar
Diedrichs, N., Nationalisme as Lewensbeskouing en sy Verhouding tot internationalisme (Bloemfontein, 1936).
Dikobe, M. The Marabi dance, London, 1973.
Driver, C. J. Patrick Duncan: South African and Pan-African. London, 1980.
Dugard, John, Human rights and the South African legal order (Princeton, 1978).
Fanon, F. The wretched of the earth. New York, 1963.
First, Ruth, Jonathan Steele, Christabel Gurney, The South African connection (London, 1972).
Frankel, S. H., Capital investment in Africa. London, 1938.
Frankel, S. Herbert, Capital investment in Africa (London, 1938).
Friedman, B. Smuts: a reappraisal. Johannesburg, 1975.
Fugard, A. Three Port Elizabeth plays. New York, 1974.
Goldblatt, D. Some Afrikaners photographed. Sandton, 1975.
Gordimer, N. A world of strangers. Harmondsworth, 1962.
Gordimer, N. The black interpreters. Johannesburg, 1973.
Gordon, R. J. Mines, masters and migrants. Johannesburg, 1977.
Gottschalk, Keith, ‘Industrial decentralisation: jobs and wages’, South African Labour Bulletin, 1977, 3.Google Scholar
Gray, S. A survey of English South African literature in the last ten years: research developments. Johannesburg, 1982.
Greenberg, S. Race and state in capitalist development. New Haven, 1980.
Hancock, W. K., Smuts (Cambridge, 1962, 1968), 2 vols.
Harvey, C. ed. Papers on the economy of Botswana. London, 1981.
Hellman, E. ed. Handbook of race relations in South Africa. Cape Town, 1949.
Hepple, A. South Africa: workers under apartheid. 2nd ed. London, 1971.
Hepple, A. Verwoerd. Harmondsworth, 1967.
Hoernle, R. F. South African native policy and the liberal spirit. Johannesburg, 1945.
Holleman, J. F. ed. Experiment in Swaziland. Cape Town, 1964.
Hooper, Charles, Brief authority (London, 1960);
Horner, Dudley and Kooy, Alide, ‘Conflict on South African mines 1972–1979’ (Saldru working paper 29, Cape Town, 1980).
Horrell, M. ed. Annual survey of race relations in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1946–79.
Houghton, D. H., Wilson, M. et al. Keiskammahoek rural survey. 4 vols. Pietermaritzburg, 1952.
Houghton, D. H. and Dagut, J. eds. Source material on the South African economy 1860–1970. 3 vols. Johannesburg, 1973.
Huddlestone, T. Naught for your comfort. Johannesburg, 1956.
Hugo, P. Quislings or realists? a documentary study of ‘Coloured’ politics in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1978.
Hunke, H. and Ellis, J., Torture: a cancer in our society (Windhoek, 1978);
Hyam, R. The failure of South African expansion 1908–19. New York, 1972.
Inskeep, R. The peopling of southern Africa. Cape Town, 1978.
Jabavu, D. D. T., All African Convention Presidential Address 1936 (Lovedale, 1936).
Jabavu, N. Drawn in colour. London, 1960.
Jones, D. Aid and development in southern Africa. London, 1977.
Jordan, A. C. *The wrath of the ancestor Lovedale, 1980.
Jordan, A. C. Towards an African literature. Berkeley, 1973.
Joseph, H. Tomorrow's sun. New York, 1967.
*Joubert, E. The long journey of Poppie Nongena. Johannesburg, 1980.
Kane-Berman, John, Soweto (Johannesburg, 1978).
Khaketla, B. M. Lesotho 1970: an African coup under the microscope. London, 1971.
Khoapa, B. A. et al. eds. Black review. Four annual surveys. Durban, 1973–7.
Khopung, E. Apartheid: the story of a dispossessed people. Dares Salaam, 1972.
Kiernan, J. P., ‘Poor and Puritan: an attempt to view Zionism as a collective response to urban poverty’, African Studies, 1977, 36.Google Scholar
Kotze, D. A. African politics in South Africa 1964–1974. London, 1975.
Kruger, D. W. South African parties and policies. Cape Town, 1960.
Kuper, A. Kalahari village politics. Cambridge, 1970.
Kuper, H. Indian people in Natal. Pietermaritzburg, 1960.
Kuper, Hilda, Sobhuza II, Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland (London, 1978).
Kuper, L. An African bourgeoisie: race, class and politics in South Africa. New Haven, 1965.
Kuper, L. Passive resistance in South Africa. London, 1960.
La Guma, A. ed. Apartheid. London, 1971.
Landgren-Backstrom, Signe, Southern Africa: the escalation of a conflict (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Stockholm, 1976).
Lee, R. B. The !Kung San: men, women and work in a foraging society. Cambridge, 1979.
Legum, C. ed. Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents. London, 1969–.
Lerumo, A. Fifty fighting years. London, 1971.
Lewin, H. Bandiet. London, 1974.
Long, B. K., In Smuts's camp (London, 1945).
Loubser, M., Market potentials of consumer goods and services for non-white population groups in the main urban areas in the Republic of South Africa in 1975 (Bureau of Market Research, Pretoria, 1977).
Luthuli, A. Let my people go. Johannesburg, 1962.
Malan, D. F. Afrikaner volkseenheid en my ervarings op die pad daarheen. Cape Town, 1961.
Mandela, N. The struggle in my life. London, 1978.
Manganyi, N. C. Being black in the world. Johannesburg, 1973.
Marais, J. S. The Cape Coloured people. Johannesburg, 1939.
Matthews, A. S., Law, order and liberty in South Africa (Cape Town, 1971).
Matthews, Z. K., Freedom for my people (London, 1980);
Mayer, P. ed. Black villagers in an industrial society. Cape Town, 1980.
Mayer, P. Xhosa in town: townsmen or tribesmen: urbanisation in a divided society. Cape Town, 1961.
Mbeki, G. South Africa: the peasants' revolt. Harmondsworth, 1964.
Middlemas, Keith, Cabora Bassa: engineering and politics in Southern Africa (London, 1975), 233.
Modisane, B. Blame me on history. New York, 1963.
Mokgatle, Naboth, The autobiography of an unknown South African (Berkeley, 1971).
Moodie, T. Dunbar, The rise of Afrikanerdom (Berkeley, 1975).
Moorsom, R. Transforming a wasted land. London, 1982.
Moroney, Sean and Ensor, Linda, The silenced: bantlings in South Africa (Johannesburg, 1979).
Mphahlele, Ezekiel, Down Second Avenue (London, 1959).
Muller, C. F. J. ed. Five hundred years of history. Pretoria, 1969.
Nash, M. Ecumenical movement in the 1960s. Johannesburg, 1975.
Nattrass, J. South African economy: its growth and change. Cape Town, 1981.
Ngubane, H. Body and mind in Zulu medicine. London, 1977.
Ngubane, J. K. An African explains apartheid. London, 1963.
Nkondo, G. M. Turfloop testimony: the dilemma of a black university in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1976.
Nkosi, L. The transplanted heart. Benin City, 1975.
No Sizwe, . One Azania, one nation: the national question in South Africa. London, 1979.
Nolutshungu, S. C. Changing South Africa: political considerations. Manchester, 1982.
Nolutshungu, S. C. South Africa in Africa. Manchester, 1975.
Nortje, A. Dead roots. London, 1973.
Norval, A. J., A quarter of a century of industrial progress in South Africa (Cape Town, 1962) ;
Nsekela, A. J. ed. Southern Africa: towards economic liberation. London, 1981.
Olivier, Henry, Great dams in Southern Africa (Cape Town, c. 1978).
O'Meara, D. Volkskapitalisme: class, capital and ideology in the development of Afrikaner nationalism 1954–1948. Cambridge, 1983.
O'Meara, Dan, ‘The “Christian National” assault on white trade unions in South Africa’, African Affairs, 1978, 77.Google Scholar
Opperman, D. J. Joernaal van Jorik. Cape Town, 1949.
Orpen, Neil, South African forces, World War II (Cape Town, 1968), vol. 11.
Palmer, E. The plains of Camdeboo. London, 1966.
Palmer, R. and Parsons, N. eds. The roots of rural poverty in central and southern Africa. London, 1977.
Patel, E. ed. The world of Nat Nakasa: selected writings. Johannesburg, 1975.
Paton, A. Cry the beloved country. London, 1948.
Paton, A. Too late the phalarope. Cape Town, 1953.
Pelzer, A. N. (ed.), Verwoerd speaks: speeches 1948–1966 (Johannesburg, 1966).
Pienaar, S. and Sampson, A. South Africa: two views of separate development. London, 1960.
Pienaar, S. Getuie van groot getye. Cape Town, 1979.
Potholm, C. P. Swaziland: the dynamics of political modernisation. Berkeley, 1972.
Province, Transvaal, Report of the Local Government Commission (Stallard) (TP I, Pretoria, 1922), para.
Randall, P. A taste of power. Johannesburg, 1973.
Rhoodie, N. J. and Venter, H. J. Apartheid. Cape Town, 1959.
Rive, Richard, Selected writings (Johannesburg, 1977) ;
Russell, M. J. and Russell, M. Afrikaners of the Kalahari: white minority in a black state. Cambridge, 1979.
Sachs, A. Jail diary. London, 1966.
Sachs, Albie, Justice in South Africa (Berkeley, 1973).
Sachs, E. S. (Solly). Rebels' daughters. Alva, 1957.
Sadie, J. S. Projections of the South African population 1970–2020. Johannesburg, 1973.
Sadie, J. L., ‘The demographic forces in South Africa’, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 1978, 43, 1.Google Scholar
Saint-Exupery, Antoine, Windy sand and stars (Harmondsworth, 1966).
Sampson, A. Drum. London, 1956.
Sampson, Anthony, The arms bazaar (Sevenoaks, 1978) –8;
Schapera, I. Migrant labour and tribal life. Oxford, 1947.
Scott, M. A time to speak. London, 1958.
Selwyn, P. Industries in the southern African periphery. London, 1975.
Sepamla, S. S. J. The Soweto I love. London, 1977.
Serfontein, J. H. P., Brotherhood of power (London, 1979);
Silk, A. A shanty town in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1982.
Sillery, , A. Botswana: a short political history. London, 1974.
Simkins, C. and Desmond, C. eds. South African unemployment: a black picture. Pietermaritzburg, 1978.
Simons, H. J. and Simons, R. E. Class and colour in South Africa 1850–1950. Harmondsworth, 1969.
Small, A. Kitaar my kruis. Cape Town, 1962.
Spence, J. E. Lesotho: the politics of dependence. London, 1968.
Stevens, R. P. Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland. London, 1967.
Stubbs, A. ed. Steve Biko: I write what I like. London, 1978.
Stultz, N. Transkei's half loaf: race separatism in South Africa. New Haven, 1979.
Tabata, I. B. The awakening of a people. Nottingham, 1974.
Tabata, I. B., The boycott as a weapon of struggle (London, 1960).
Temkin, B. Gatsha Buthelezi. Cape Town, 1976.
Thoahlane, T. ed. Black renaissance: papers from the black renaissance convention, December 1974. Johannesburg, 1975.
Turner, R. The eye of the needle. Johannesburg, 1972.
Van den Berghe, P. L. South Africa: a study in conflict. Middletown, Conn. 1965.
Van der Merwe, H. W. and Welsh, D. eds. Student perspectives on South Africa. Cape Town, 1972.
Van Wyk Louw, N. P. Liberale Nasionalisme. Cape Town, 1958.
Visser, G. and Cloete, O. B. Traitors or patriots? Johannesburg, 1976.
Voipio, R. Kontrak soos die Owambo dit sien. Johannesburg, 1972.
Vos, P. J. et al. A socio-economic and educational survey of the Bantu residing in the Victoria East, Middledrift and Zwelitsha areas of the Ciskei (Fort Hare, 1970).
Wallman, S. Take out hunger: two case studies of rural development in Basutoland. London, 1969.
Watson, G. Passing for white. London, 1970.
Welsh, D. The roots of segregation. Cape Town, 1970.
West, M. E. Bishops and prophets in a black city. Cape Town, 1975.
West, Martin E., Divided community (Cape Town, 1971).
Wickens, P. L. The industrial and commercial workers' union of Africa. Cape Town, 1978.
Wilkins, Ivor and Strydom, Hans, The Broederbond (New York, 1979);
Wilson, F. Migrant labour in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1972.
Wilson, F. and Perrot, D. eds. Outlook on a century: South Africa, 1870–1970. Lovedale, 1973.
Wilson, F., Kooy, A., Hendrie, D. (eds.), Farm labour in South Africa (Cape Town, 1977).
Wilson, Francis, ‘International migration in Southern Africa’, International Migration Review, 1976, 10.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. and Mafeje, A. Langa. Cape Town, 1963.
Wilson, Monica, ‘Changing lines of cleavage’, in Fortes, Meyer and Patterson, Sheila (eds.), Studies in African social anthropology (London, 1975).Google Scholar
Yudelman, D. The emergence of modern South Africa. Westport, 1983.
Zyl Slabbert, F., ‘Afrikaner nationalism, white politics and political change in South Africa’, in Thompson, Leonard and Butler, Jeffrey (eds.), Change in contemporary South Africa (Berkeley, 1975).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×