Changes in Technology

doi:10.1017/9781108278034.004

4 - Changes in Technology

from Part II - What Has Changed?

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 April 2020

Tara Behrend and

Edited by

Mindy K. Shoss and

Brian J. Hoffman: Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Mindy K. Shoss: Affiliation:
University of Central Florida
Lauren A. Wegman: Affiliation:
University of Georgia

Book contents

Get access

Summary

This chapter accomplishes three primary goals. First, we review the history of technologies that have been influential in the world of work, from the abacus to innovations of the present day. We then identify eight characteristics that describe modern technologies: power, portability, usability, networking, encryption, ubiquity, immersion, and predictiveness. Finally, we present a SWOT analysis that identifies the implications of these characteristics for the future of work. In doing so, we demonstrate that although technological change is a constant, so too is humans’ ability to adapt to change.

Keywords

automation innovation computing human–computer interaction robotics computer-supported collaborative work

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work , pp. 69 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108278034.004 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AccuVein. (2012). AccuVein AV400 user manual: A health professional’s guide for use and operation of the AccuVein AV400. AccuVein. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from www.accuvein.com Google Scholar

Alexander, A. L., Brunyé, T., Sidman, J., & Weil, S. A. (2005). From gaming to training: A review of studies on fidelity, immersion, presence, and buy-in and their effects on transfer in pc-based simulations and games. DARWARS Training Impact Group, 5, 1–14.Google Scholar

Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2016). Online Report Card: Tracking Online Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group.Google Scholar

American Management Association (2007). Electronic monitoring and surveillance survey. AMA/ePolicy Institute Research. Retrieved from www.amanet.org/training/articles/the-latest-on-workplace-monitoring-and-surveillance.aspx Google Scholar

Ashton, K. (2009). That ‘internet of things’ thing. RFID Journal, 22(7), 97–114.Google Scholar

Astor, M. (2017). Microchip implants for employees? One company says yes. New York Times. July 25. www.nytimes.com/2017/07/25/technology/microchips-wisconsin-company- employees.html?mcubz=3 Google Scholar

Autor, D. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3–30.CrossRef Google Scholar

Behrend, T. S., Gloss, A. E., & Thompson, L. F. (2013). Global development through the psychology of workplace technology. In Coovert, M. D. & Thompson, L. F. (Eds.), The psychology of workplace technology (pp. 261–283). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar

Behrend, T. S., & Thompson, L. F. (2013). Combining I-O psychology and technology for an environmentally sustainable world. In Huffman, A. H. & Klein, S. R. (Eds.), Green organizations: Driving change with I-O psychology (pp. 300–322). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar

Beinstein, A., & Sumers, T. (2016, June 29). How Uber engineering increases safe driving with telematics. Retrieved from https://eng.uber.com/telematics/Google Scholar

Bercik, B., & Bond, J. (1996). Inside JavaScript. Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Publishing.Google Scholar

Bhave, D. P. (2014). The invisible eye? Electronic performance monitoring and employee job performance. Personnel Psychology, 67(3), 605–635.Google Scholar

Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., Beall, A. C., Swinth, K. R., Hoyt, C. L., & Bailenson, J. N. (2002). Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 13(2), 103–124.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165– 218.Google Scholar

Bollermann, B., Osborn, L., & Hughan, R. (2017). U.S. Patent Application No. 15/618,064.Google Scholar

Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence. In Frankish, K. & Ramsey, W. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence (pp. 316–334). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Boudreau, M. C., Loch, K. D., Robey, D., & Straud, D. (1998). Going global: Using information technology to advance the competitiveness of the virtual transnational organization. The Academy of Management Executive, 12(4), 120–128.Google Scholar

Boulos, M. N. K., & Berry, G. (2012). Real-time locating systems (RTLS) in healthcare: A condensed primer. International Journal of Health Geographics, 11(1), 25–32.Google Scholar

Bousfield, T., Dieker, L., Hughes, C. E., & Hynes, M. (Eds.) (2016). Proceedings from TeachLivE 2016: 4th International TLE TeachLivE Conference: Virtual Human Performance. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida.Google Scholar

Browne, R. (2018, April 6). Elon Musk warns A.I. could create an ‘immortal dictator from which we can never escape.’ CNBC. Retrieved from www.cnbc.com/2018/04/06/elon- musk-warns-ai-could-create-immortal-dictator-in-documentary.html Google Scholar

Bunch, B., & Hellemans, A. (1993). The timetables of technology: A chronology of the most important people and events in the history of technology. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Burke, D. (1995). All circuits are busy now: The 1990 AT&T long distance network collapse. California Polytechnic State University. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/SWE/Papers/att_collapse Google Scholar

Burrows, S., Gurevych, I., & Stein, B. (2015). The eras and trends of automatic short answer grading. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 25(1), 60–117.Google Scholar

Ceruzzi, P. (1998). In Cohen, I. & Aspray, W. (Eds.), A history of modern computing. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Comer, D. E., & Droms, R. E. (2003). Computer networks and internets. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.Google Scholar

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13, 319–340.Google Scholar

Deitel, P., & Deitel, H. (2007). Java: How to program (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Deterding, S., Khaled, R., Nacke, L. E., & Dixon, D. (2011). Gamification: Toward a definition. CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop Proceedings, Vancouver, 12–15.Google Scholar

Devol, G. C. (1966). U.S. Patent No. 3,283,918. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office.Google Scholar

Ducey, A. J., & Coovert, M. D. (2016). Predicting tablet computer use: An extended Technology Acceptance Model for physicians. Health Policy and Technology, 5(3), 268–284.Google Scholar

Eastin, M.S., Glynn, C. J., & Griffiths, R. P. (2007). Psychology of communication technology use in the workplace. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 436–443Google Scholar

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) (2003). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/ENIAC Google Scholar

Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280.Google Scholar

Ginzberg, E. (1982). The mechanization of work. Scientific American, 247(3), 66–75.CrossRef Google Scholar

Goodman, D., & Morrison, M. (2007). JavaScript bible (6th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing.Google Scholar

Greenhalgh, T., Vijayaraghavan, S., Wherton, J., Shaw, S., Byrne, E., Campbell-Richards, D., Bhattacharya, S., Hanson, P., Ramoutar, S., Gutteridge, C., Hodkinson, I., Collard, A., & Morris, J. (2016). Virtual online consultations: advantages and limitations (VOCAL) study. BMJ Open, 6(1).CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Haley, D.T., Thomas, P., Roeck, A.D., & Petre, M. (2007). Measuring improvement in latent semantic analysis-based marking systems: Using a computer to mark questions about HTML. In Mann, S. & Simon, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th Australasian Conference on Computing Education, Volume 66 of ACE (pp. 35–42). Ballarat: Australian Computer Society.Google Scholar

Henshell, J. (2013, January 14). Cyberloafing, BYOD, and the ethics of using technology devices at work. Retrieved from www.digitalethics.org/essays/cyberloafing-byod- and-ethics-using-technology-devices-work Google Scholar

IBM. (2013). Data-driven healthcare organizations use big data analytics for big gains [White paper]. Somers, NY: IBM Corporation.Google Scholar

“IBM Watson Health.” (n.d.). Retrieved from www.ibm.com/watson/health/oncology- and-genomics/Google Scholar

“iCliniq.” (n.d.). Retrieved from www.icliniq.com/p/aboutus Google Scholar

Information technology timeline. (2003). IETE Journal of Education, 44(1), 21–22.Google Scholar

ISO (International Standards Organization) (1998). Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminal. Part II: Guidance on usability (ISO 9241-11:1998).Google Scholar

Jia, H., Jia, R., & Karau, S. (2013). Cyberloafing and personality: The impact of the Big Five traits and workplace situational factors. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 20(3), 358–365.Google Scholar

Jones, C. (1997). The year 2000 software problem: Quantifying the costs and assessing the consequences. New York, NY: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.Google Scholar

Karim, M. N., Kaminsky, S. E., & Behrend, T. S. (2014). Cheating, reactions, and performance in remotely proctored testing: An exploratory experimental study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(4), 555–572.Google Scholar

Karim, M. N., Willford, J. C., & Behrend, T. S. (2015). Big data, little individual: Considering the human side of big data. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(4), 527–533.Google Scholar

Kelly, K. (2017). The myth of a superhuman AI. Wired. Retrieved from www.wired.com/2017/04/the-myth-of-a-superhuman-ai/Google Scholar

Khakurel, J., Pöysä, S., & Porras, J. (2016, November). The use of wearable devices in the workplace: A systematic literature review. In International Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good (pp. 284–294). Cham: Springer.Google Scholar

Kish, L. B. (2002). End of Moore’s law: thermal (noise) death of integration in micro and nano electronics. Physics Letters A, 305(3–4), 144–149.Google Scholar

Knezek, G., Fisser, P., Gibson, D., Christensen, R., & Tyler-Wood, T. (2012). SimSchool: Research outcomes from simulated classrooms. In Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012. Chesapeake, VA: American Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar

Konishi, M., Wariishi, T., Tanibayashi, H., Kanchiku, H., & Fujimoto, H. (2015). U.S. Patent Application No. D781430Google Scholar

Kurzweil, R. (2014). Don’t fear artificial intelligence. TIME. Retrieved from http://time.com/3641921/dont-fear-artificial-intelligence/Google Scholar

Lakhani, K. R., & von Hippel, E. (2003). How open source software works: “Free” user-to-user assistance. Research Policy, 32(6), 923–943.Google Scholar

Landers, R. N., Bauer, K. N., & Callan, R. C. (2017). Gamification of task performance with leaderboards: A goal setting experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 508–515.Google Scholar

Landers, R. N., & Callan, R. C. (2011). Casual social games as serious games: The psychology of gamification in undergraduate education and employee training. In Ma, M. & Oikonomou, A. (Eds.), Serious games and edutainment applications (pp. 399–423). London: Springer.Google Scholar

Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work? Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(4), 343–353.Google Scholar

Lipko, H. (2016, November 10). Meet Jill Watson: Georgia Tech’s first AI teaching assistant. Retrieved from https://pe.gatech.edu/blog/meet-jill-watson-georgia-techs-first-ai- teaching-assistant Google Scholar

Maddox, B. B., & White, S. W. (2015). Comorbid social anxiety disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 3949–3960.Google Scholar

Madrigal, A. C. (2018, May 24). Uber’s self-driving car didn’t malfunction, it was just bad. The Atlantic. Retrieved from www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/05/ubers- self-driving-car-didnt-malfunction-it-was-just-bad/561185/Google Scholar

Marzano, R. J. (2009). Teaching with interactive whiteboards. Educational Leadership, 67(3), 80–82.Google Scholar

McNeil, I. (1990). An encyclopedia of the history of technology. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar

Means, B., Gallagher, L., & Padilla, C. (2008). Teachers’ use of student data systems to improve instruction: 2005 to 2007. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.Google Scholar

Medland, R. (2010, November). Curbing paper wastage using flavoured feedback. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer–Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer–Human Interaction (pp. 224–227). New York, NY: ACM Press.Google Scholar

“Medtronic.” (n.d.) Retrieved from www.medtronic.com/us-en/index.html Google Scholar

“Microbe Invader.” (n.d.). Retrieved from www.microbeinvader.com/Google Scholar

Mittler, J. (2007). Assistive technology and IDEA. In Warger, C. (Ed.), Technology integration: Providing access to the curriculum for students with disabilities. Arlington, VA: Technology and Media Division (TAM).Google Scholar

Mohler, M., & Mihalcea, R. (2009, March). Text-to-text semantic similarity for automatic short answer grading. In Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 567–575). Association for Computational Linguistics, Athens, Greece.Google Scholar

“Moodle.” (n.d.) Retrieved from https://moodle.org/Google Scholar

Moravec, H. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Moreau, R. (1984). In Cohen, I. & Aspray, W. (Eds.), The computer comes of age (Howlett, J. Trans.). (English ed.). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Morris, B., Croker, S., Zimmerman, C., Gill, D., & Romig, C. (2013). Gaming science: The “gamification” of scientific thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(607), 1–16.Google Scholar

Mross, C. P. (1971). U.S. Patent No. 3,554,052. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office.Google Scholar

Nagele-Piazza, L. (2017, November 2017). Employers may be liable for worker identity theft. Retrieved from www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and- local-updates/pages/employers-may-be-liable-for-worker-identity-theft.aspx Google Scholar

National Business Group on Health. (2015). Large employers’ health plan design survey: Reducing costs while looking to the future [Press Conference]. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health.Google Scholar

Newman, W. M., & Taylor, A. S. (1999, September). Towards a methodology employing critical parameters to deliver performance improvements in interactive systems. INTERACT, 99, 605–612.Google Scholar

Ningombam, D., Singh, A., & Chanu, K. T. (2018). Multipurpose GPS guided autonomous mobile robot. In Saeed, K., Chaki, N.., Pati, B., Bakshi, S. & Mohapatra, D. (Eds.), Progress in advanced computing and intelligent engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 564 (pp. 361–372). Singapore: Springer.Google Scholar

“On days they worked, 22 percent of employed did some or all of their work at home in 2016.” The Economics Daily. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/on- days-they-worked-22-percent-of-employed-did-some-or-all-of-their-work-at-home-in- 2016.htm Google Scholar

O’Reilly, T. (2017). Using AI to create new jobs. O’Reilly. Retrieved from www.oreilly.com/ideas/using-ai-to-create-new-jobs Google Scholar

Peek, S. (2016, March 27). Knocker uppers: Waking up the workers in industrial Britain. BBC. Retrieved from www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-35840393 Google Scholar

Perlroth, N. (2017, October 3). All 3 billion Yahoo accounts were affected by 2013 attack. New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/technology/yahoo-hack-3-billion-users.html Google Scholar

Potosky, D. (2008). A conceptual framework for the role of the administration medium in the personnel assessment process. The Academy of Management Review, 33(3), 629–648.Google Scholar

Prometric. (2009). Biometric-enabled check-in. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from www.prometric.com/en-us/clients/documents/20090928Biometrics4pager.pdf Google Scholar

Psiaki, M. L., Humphreys, T. E., & Stauffer, B. (2016). Attackers can spoof navigation signals without our knowledge. Here’s how to fight back GPS lies. IEEE Spectrum, 53(8), 26–53.Google Scholar

PwC. (2017, October 26). Global State of Information Security Survey 2018 [Newsbrief]. Vietnam: PwC.Google Scholar

Ralston, A., Reilly, E., & Hemmendinger, D. (2000). Encyclopedia of computer science. (4th ed.). New York, NY: Nature Publishing Group.Google Scholar

Ribitzky, R. (2007). Active monitoring of employees rises to 78%. ABC News. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=88319&page=1 Google Scholar

“Rugged Cards Store Critical Mission Data Flash Replaces Other Storage Technologies in Military Applications.” (2001, October 16). Retrieved from www.targasystems.com/press/pr2910.htm Google Scholar

Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Malaysia: Pearson Education Limited.Google Scholar

“Salesforce research shows success with wearables motivates 86 percent of adopters to increase spending on enterprise wearables initiatives.” (2015, April 22). Retrieved from https://investor.salesforce.com/about-us/investor/investor-news/investor-news- details/2015/Google Scholar

Sauter, D. (2011). Android smartphone relevance to military weather applications (No. ARL- TR-5793). White Sands Missile Range, NM: Army Research Lab.Google Scholar

Schmidt, S. (2017, April 26). Blockbuster has survived in the most curious of places – Alaska. Washington Post. Retrieved from www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning- mix/wp/2017/04/26/Google Scholar

Selinger, M., Sepulveda, A., & Buchan, J. (2013). Education and the Internet of everything. San Jose, CA: Cisco Systems, Inc.Google Scholar

“Sermo: Talk Real Medicine.” (n.d.) Retrieved from www.sermo.com/Google Scholar

Seymour, N. E., Gallagher, A. G., Roman, S. A., O’Brien, M. K., Bansal, V. K., Andersen, D. K., & Satava, R. M. (2002). Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Annals of Surgery, 236(4), 458–463.Google Scholar

Simon, H. (1965). The shape of automation for men and management. New York, NY: Harper and Row.Google Scholar

Simonite, T. (2016, May 13). Moore’s Law is dead. Now what? Technology Review. Retrieved from www.technologyreview.com/s/601441/moores-law-is-dead-now-what/Google Scholar

“SIOP Announces Top 10 Workplace Trends for 2018.” (2018, January 25). Retrieved from www.siop.org/article_view.aspx?article=1766 Google Scholar

Smith, M. J., Ginger, E. J., Wright, K., Wright, M. A., Taylor, J. L., Humm, L. B., … & Fleming, M. F. (2014). Virtual reality job interview training in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2450–2463.Google Scholar

Song, C., Gehlbach, P. L., & Kang, J. U. (2012). Active tremor cancellation by a “smart” handheld vitreoretinal microsurgical tool using swept source optical coherence tomography. Optics Express, 20(21), 23414–23421.Google Scholar

“Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” (2016). Retrieved from www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions Google Scholar

Stein, N. (2017). The future of population health management: Artificial intelligence as a cost-effective behavior change and chronic disease prevention and management solution. MOJ Public Health, 6(5), 00188.CrossRef Google Scholar

Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 73–93.Google Scholar

“Tactical Communications.” (n.d.) Retrieved from www.harris.com/what-we-do/tactical- communications Google Scholar

Taylor, J. L., & Seltzer, M. M. (2011). Employment and post-secondary educational activities for young adults with autism spectrum disorders during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(5), 566–574.Google Scholar

Tyre, P. (2016, March 21). How sophisticated test scams from China making their way into the US. The Atlantic. Retrieved from www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/03/how-sophisticated-test-scams- from-china-are-making-their-way-into-the-us/474474/Google Scholar

“Using the Internet of Things to Boost School Safety.” (2017, October 27). Retrieved from www.ipctech.com/using-the-internet-of-things-to-boost-school-safety Google Scholar

Vodicka, E., Mejilla, R., Leveille, S. G., Ralston, J. D., Darer, J. D., Delbanco, T., Walker, J., & Elmore, J. G. (2013). Online access to doctors’ notes: patient concerns about privacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(9), e208.Google Scholar

Vonnegut, K. (1952). Player piano. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.Google Scholar

Waldrop, M. M. (2016, February 9). The chips are down for Moore’s Law. Nature. Retrieved from www.nature.com/news/the-chips-are-down-for-moore-s-law-1.19338 Google Scholar

Wang, Y., Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126, 3–13.Google Scholar

“Waymo.” (n.d.). Retrieved from www.google.com/selfdrivingcar/Google Scholar

“Wrist-Aid.” (n.d.). Retrieved from www.wrist-aid.com/Google Scholar

Yagoda, R. E., & Hill, S. G. (2011). Using mobile devices for robotic controllers: Examples and some initial concepts for experimentation (No. ARL-TN-436). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Army Research Lab.Google Scholar

Yang, Y., Liu, X., & Deng, R. H. (2017). Lightweight break-glass access control system for healthcare internet-of-things. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(8), 3610–3617.Google Scholar

Yeginsu, C. (2018, February 1). If workers slack off, the wristband will know (And Amazon has a patent for it.). New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/technology/amazon-wristband-tracking- privacy.html Google Scholar

Zakon, R. H. (2018). Hobbes’ Internet Timeline 25 – the definitive ARPAnet & Internet history. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/Google Scholar

Book contents

4 - Changes in Technology

Summary

Keywords

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive