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13 - Forensic Science Decision-Making

Expertise Lends Both Skills and Vulnerabilities

from Part II - Pretrial Phase Decision-Making

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2024

By
Bethany Growns  and
Tess M.S. Neal
Edited by
Monica K. Miller ,
Logan A. Yelderman ,
Matthew T. Huss  and
Jason A. Cantone
Monica K. Miller
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Reno
Logan A. Yelderman
Affiliation:
Prairie View A & M University, Texas
Matthew T. Huss
Affiliation:
Creighton University, Omaha
Jason A. Cantone
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
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Summary

This chapter focuses on the expertise of forensic science practitioners who make legally relevant decisions from both a skills-based and vulnerabilities-based perspective. We bring together research relevant to forensic examiners’ decision-making to inform the development of empirically based solutions for some of the issues we raise. We begin by describing a general model of bias in judgment, explaining how experts can be vulnerable to systematic errors and biases in decision-making, but also how expertise can protect against bias in some circumstances. We then explore the cognitive mechanisms underpinning forensic science expertise to explore the unique abilities examiners develop, the important role of these unique abilities in forensic science decision-making, and their implications for selection and training. We describe what can be done now to enhance experts’ strengths and mitigate the negative effects of bias. Finally, we conclude by exploring how future research can continue to explore the unique abilities and vulnerabilities in forensic science decision-making to enhance professional performance.

Keywords

forensic sciencecognitive mechanismsbiastrainingexpertise
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Legal Decision-Making , pp. 193 - 210
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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