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3 - Consonants

from Section I - Segmental Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2021

By
Michael Proctor
Edited by
Rachael-Anne Knight  and
Jane Setter
Rachael-Anne Knight
Affiliation:
City, University of London
Jane Setter
Affiliation:
University of Reading
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Summary

Consonants are speech sounds produced with a closure or near complete constriction of the vocal tract. All languages systematically exploit place of articulation to differentiate consonants. Eight other phonetically independent parameters are used to create consonant contrast: airstream, constriction degree, laryngeal setting, nasality, laterality, length, articulator stiffness, and respiratory strength. Aspiration, affrication, pre-stopping, secondary articulations, and other properties of ‘complex’ consonants are best described as patterns of coordination in the underlying gestures.

Keywords

consonantphonetic parametersconstrictionplace of articulationcontrastairstream
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Phonetics , pp. 65 - 105
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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