Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T12:14:10.886Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders

from Part III - Individual Disorders and Clusters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2020

By
Sindes Dawood ,
Leila Z. Wu ,
Chloe F. Bliton  and
Aaron L. Pincus
Edited by
Carl W. Lejuez  and
Kim L. Gratz
Carl W. Lejuez
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Kim L. Gratz
Affiliation:
University of Toledo, Ohio
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders (NPD, HPD) from three current perspectives. The categorical approach is exemplified in the DSM-5 Section II chapter on personality disorders. The categorical/dimensional hybrid approach is characterized by the DSM-5 Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. Finally, both personality disorders are also conceptualized by purely dimensional and multidimensional models (e.g., pathological narcissism, histrionism). Integrative, interdisciplinary research and theory on NPD and pathological narcissism is expanding rapidly, providing novel clinical insights into classification, etiology, maintenance, patient presentation, and treatment. The clinical science of narcissism is robust, and its future appears quite promising. In contrast, contemporary research and theory on HPD and histrionism is scant and declining. Some have called for its elimination as a diagnostic entity. If the current trend of waning empirical and clinical interest persists, it is unlikely that HPD will be retained in future revisions of the DSM and other personality disorder classification systems.

Keywords

DSM-5narcissistic personality disorderhistrionic personality disordernarcissismhistrionismalternative model for personality disordersclassificationpersonality
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders , pp. 277 - 291
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackerman, R. A., Hands, A. J., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Witt, E. A. (2017). Experts’ views regarding the conceptualization of narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 346–361.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Bach, B., Markon, K., Simonsen, E., & Krueger, R. (2015) Clinical utility of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders: Six cases from practice. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 21, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakkevig, J. F., & Karterud, S. (2010). Is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, histrionic personality disorder category a valid construct? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 462–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ball, S. A., Rounsaville, B. J., Tennen, H., & Kranzler, H. R. (2001). Reliability of personality disorder symptoms and personality traits in substance-dependent inpatients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 341–352.Google Scholar
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010). Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism in threatening situations: Emotional reactions to achievement failure and interpersonal rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 874–902.Google Scholar
Besser, A., Zeigler-Hill, V., Weinberg, M., & Pincus, A. P. (2016). Do great expectations lead to great disappointments? Pathological narcissism and the evaluation of vacation experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 75–79.Google Scholar
Blagov, P. S., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2007). Histrionic personality disorder. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 203–232). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Blagov, P. S., & Westen, D. (2008). Questioning the coherence of histrionic personality disorder: Borderline and hysterical personality subtypes in adults and adolescents. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 785–797.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Davis, R. T. (1993). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Sutker, P. B. & Adams, H. E. (Eds), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology (pp. 395–409). New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Intoccia, V. (2000). Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 472–473.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., Reynolds, S. M., & Stennett, B. (2012). The death of histrionic personality disorder. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 603–627). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boon, S., & Draijer, N. (1993). The differentiation of patients with MPD or DDNOS from patients with a cluster B personality disorder. Dissociation, 6, 126–135.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., Denckla, C. A., & Chung, W. J. (2015). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Blaney, P. H., Krueger, R. F., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 659–680). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., & Malka, I. L. (2009). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Blaney, P. H., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (pp. 602–621). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bresin, K., & Gordon, K. H. (2011). Characterizing pathological narcissism in terms of the HEXACO model of personality. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 228–235.Google Scholar
Buelow, M. T., & Brunell, A. B. (2014). Facets of narcissistic grandiosity predict involvement in health-risk behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 638–656.Google Scholar
Cale, E. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2002). Sex differences in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1179–1207.Google Scholar
Caligor, E., Levy, K. N., & Yeomans, F. E. (2015). Narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 415–422.Google Scholar
Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2013). Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and the Five-Factor Model: Delineating NPD, grandiose narcissism, and vulnerable narcissism. In Widiger, T. A. & Costa, P. T (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed., pp. 133–146). Washington, DC: APA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, E. N. (2013). Honestly arrogant or simply misunderstood? Narcissists’ awareness of their narcissism. Self and Identity, 12, 259–277.Google Scholar
Carlson, E. N., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2015). The role of metaperception in personality disorders: Do people with personality problems know how others experience their personality? Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 449–467.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A., Simms, L. J., Wu, K. D., & Casillas, A. (2008). Manual for the Schedule for Adaptive and Nonadaptive Personality (SNAP-2). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Clemence, A. J., Perry, J. C., & Plakun, E. M. (2009). Narcissistic and borderline personality disorders in a sample of treatment refractory patients. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 175–184.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2018a). Pathological narcissism and the severity, variability, and instability of depressive symptoms. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 144–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A.L. (2018b). A prospective study of pathological narcissism and shame. Manuscript under review.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., Schroeder, H. S., Donnellan, M. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2018). Pathological narcissism and non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32, 87–108.Google Scholar
Decker, H. S. (2013). The Making of DSM-III: A Diagnostic Manual’s Conquest of American Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dhawan, N., Kunik, M. E., Oldham, J., & Coverdale, J. (2010). Prevalence and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder in the community: A systematic review. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 333–339.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). The dark side of narcissism. In Zeigler-Hill, V. & Marcus, D. (Eds.), The Dark Side of Personality (pp. 25–44). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Dyck, I. R., Phillips, K. A., Warshaw, M. G., Dolan, R. T., Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., … Keller, M. B. (2001). Patterns of personality pathology in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, and social phobia. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 60–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton, N. R., Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Krueger, R. F., Campbell, W. K., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Narcissistic personality disorder and the structure of common mental disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 449–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekselius, L., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., & Fredrikson, M. (2001). Personality disorders in the general population: DSM-IV and ICD-10 defined prevalence as related to sociodemographic profile. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 311–320.Google Scholar
Ellison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The impact of pathological narcissism on psychotherapy utilization, initial symptom severity, and early-treatment symptom change: A naturalistic investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 291–300.Google Scholar
Erkoreka, L., & Navarro, B. (2017). Vulnerable narcissism is associated with severity of depressive symptoms in dysthymic patients. Psychiatry Research, 257, 265–269.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2014). Development of a brief screening questionnaire for histrionic personality symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 124–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fetterman, A. K., & Robinson, M. D. (2010). Contingent self-importance among pathological narcissists: Evidence from an implicit task. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 691–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2012). Psychodynamic models of personality disorders. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 345–371). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ford, M. R., & Widiger, T. A. (1989). Sex bias in the diagnosis of histrionic and antisocial personality disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 301–305.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1914). On narcissism. In Strachey, J. (Ed. and Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIV, pp. 66-102). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1931). Libidinal types. In Strachey, J. (Ed. and Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XXII, pp. 310–333). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Garno, J. L., Goldberg, J. F., Ramirez, P. M., & Ritzler, B. A. (2005). Bipolar disorder with comorbid cluster B personality disorder features: Impact on suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 339–345.Google Scholar
Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The five factor narcissism inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 500–512.Google Scholar
Goldberg, B. R., Serper, M. R., Sheets, M., Beech, D., Dill, C., & Duffy, K. G. (2007). Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service: Self-esteem, narcissism, and theory of mind deficits. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 436–442.Google Scholar
Gore, W. L., Tomiatti, M., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). The home for histrionism. Personality and Mental Health, 5, 57–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 363–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, C. S. (2011). Why the histrionic personality disorder should not be in the DSM: A new taxonomic and moral analysis. International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, 4(1), 26–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Ruan, W., & Pickering, R. P. (2004). Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 948–958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Quinlan, D. M., Walker, M. L., Greenfeld, D., & Edell, W. S. (1998). Frequency of personality disorders in two age cohorts of psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 140–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunderson, J., Ronningstam, E., & Bodkin, A. (1990). The diagnostic interview for narcissistic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 676–680.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J., Ronningstam, E., & Smith, L. E. (1995). Narcissistic personality disorder. In Livesley, J. (Ed.), The DSM-IV Personality Disorder Diagnoses (pp. 201–212). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herpertz, S. C., Huprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31 , 577–589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinrichs, J. (2016). Inpatient therapeutic assessment with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 111–123.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. A., Pincus, A. L., Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., & Roche, M. J. (2011). The circumplex structure of interpersonal sensitivities. Journal of Personality, 79, 707–740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopwood, C. J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personality and Mental Health, 12, 82–86.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., Ansell, E. B., … Zimmermann, J. (2019). Commentary on “The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system for personality disorders.” Journal of Personality Disorders, online commentary: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_00Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style, and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 305–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopwood, C. J., Zimmermann, J., Pincus, A. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2015). Connecting personality structure and dynamics: Towards a more evidence based and clinically useful diagnostic scheme. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 431–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hörz-Sagstetter, S., Diamond, D., Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Rentrop, M., Fischer-Kern, M., … Doering, S. (2017). Clinical characteristics of comorbid narcissistic personality disorder in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(4), 1–14.Google Scholar
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Ratings of affective and interpersonal tendencies differ for grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A replication and extension of Gore & Widiger. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 422–434.Google Scholar
Jaksic, N., Marcinko, D., Hanzek, M. S., Rebernjak, B., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2017). Experience of shame mediates the relationship between pathological narcissism and suicidal ideation in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 1670–1681.Google Scholar
Johnson, F. A. (1993). Dependency and Japanese Socialization. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Kealy, D., & Rasmussen, B. (2012). Veiled and vulnerable: The other side of grandiose narcissism. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40, 356–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kealy, D., Tsai, M., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2012). Depressive tendencies and pathological narcissism among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatry Research, 196, 157–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohut, H. (1977). The Restoration of the Self. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Kohut, H., & Wolf, E. S. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59, 413–425.Google Scholar
Krizan, Z., & Johar, O. (2012). Envy divides the two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality, 80, 1415–1451.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F. (2016). The future is now: Personality disorder and the ICD‐11. Personality and Mental Health, 10, 118–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenzenweger, M. F., Johnson, M. D., & Willett, J. (2004). Individual growth curve analysis illuminates stability and change in personality disorder features: The longitudinal study of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1015–1024.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 553–564.Google Scholar
Levy, K. N., Chauhan, P., Clarkin, J. F., Wasserman, R. H., & Reynoso, J. S. (2009). Narcissistic pathology: Empirical approaches. Psychiatric Annals, 39(4), 203–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, K. N., Reynoso, J. S., Wasserman, R. H., & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Narcissistic personality disorder. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 233–277). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (2015). The psychodynamic diagnostic manual–2nd edition (PDM-2). World Psychiatry, 14, 237–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobbestael, J., Baumeister, R. F., Feibig, T., & Eckel, L. A. (2014). The role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in self-reported and laboratory aggression and testosterone reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 22–27.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 401–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makaremi, A. (1990). Histrionic disorder among Iranian high school and college students. Psychological Reports, 66(3), 835–838.Google Scholar
Marčinko, D., Jakšić, N., Ivezić, E., Skočić, M., Surányi, Z., Lončar, M., … Jakovljević, M. (2014). Pathological narcissism and depressive symptoms in psychiatric outpatients: Mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 341–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marissen, M. A., Deen, M. L., & Franken, I. H. (2012). Disturbed emotion recognition in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 198, 269–273.Google Scholar
Marissen, M. A., Brouwer, M. E., Hiemstra, A. M., Deen, M. L., & Franken, I. H. (2016). A masked negative self-esteem? Implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 242, 28–33.Google Scholar
Mattia, J., & Zimmerman, M. (2001). Epidemiology. In Livesley, W. J. (Ed.), The Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 107–123). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, K., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Ackerman, R. A. (2011). The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 577–582.Google Scholar
McWilliams, N. (2011). Psychoanalytic Diagnosis (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ménard, K. S., & Pincus, A. L. (2012). Predicting overt and cyber stalking perpetration by male and female college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 2183–2207.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 85, 1529–1564.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of the construct validity of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 377–387.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the DSM-5 pathological personality trait model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 284–290.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). An examination of the factor structure of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder criteria: One or two factors? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 141–145.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). Controversies in narcissism. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 291–315.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., McCain, J. L., Few, L. R., Crego, C., Widiger, T. A., & Campbell, W. K. (2016). Thinking structurally about narcissism: An examination of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and its components. Journal of Personality Disorders, 30, 1–18.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R, Siedor, L., Crowe, M., Campbell, W. K. (2018). Consensual lay profiles of narcissism and their connection to the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 30, 10–18.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C. (2005). Personality pathology as pathological narcissism. In Maj, M., Akiskal, H. S., Mezzich, J. E., & Okasha, A. (Eds.), Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry, Volume 8: Personality Disorders (pp. 328–331). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Alexander, G. M., & Boggs, C. (2005). Gender and personality disorder. In Oldham, J., Skodol, A., & Bender, D. (Eds.), Textbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 541-554). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., & Stagner, B. H. (2012). Narcissistic pathology as a core personality dysfunction: Comparing the DSM-IV and the DSM-5 proposal for narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 908–921.Google Scholar
Morf, C. C. (2006). Personality reflected in a coherent idiosyncratic interplay of intra- and interpersonal self-regulatory processes. Journal of Personality, 76, 1527–1556.Google Scholar
Morf, C. C., Horvath, S., & Torchetti, T. (2011). Narcissistic self-enhancement: Tales of (successful?) self-portrayal. In Alicke, M. D. & Sedikides, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection (pp. 399–424). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Morf, C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177–196.Google Scholar
Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Wingate, L. R., & Lengel, G. J. (2012). Histrionic personality disorder: Diagnostic and treatment considerations. In Lundberg-Love, P. K., Nadal, K. L., & Paludi, M. A. (Eds.) Women and Mental Disorders (pp. 57–73). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Nenadic, I., Güllmar, D., Dietzek, M., Langbein, K., Steinke, J., & Gaser, C. (2015). Brain structure in narcissistic personality disorder: A VBM and DTI pilot study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 231, 184–186.Google Scholar
Nestadt, G., Di, C., Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Reti, I. M., Costa, P., … Bandeen-Roche, K. (2010). The stability of DSM personality disorders over twelve to eighteen years. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2013). Understanding and Treating Pathological Narcissism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., Joyce, A. S, Steinberg, P. I., & Duggal, S. (2009). Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 837–842.Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2006). Perceptions of self and others regarding pathological personality traits. In Krueger, R. F. & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.), Personality and Psychopathology (pp. 71–111). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Padilla, A. M. (1995). Hispanic Psychology: Critical Issues in Theory and Research. Newbury Pak, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Pepper, C. M., Klein, D. N., Andersom, R. L., Riso, L. P., Ouimette, P. C., & Lizardi, H. (1995). DSM-llI-R Axis II comorbidity in dysthymia and major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 239–247.Google Scholar
Pfohl, B. (1991). Histrionic personality disorder: A review of available data and recommendations for DSM-IV. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 150–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2011). Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process, and narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2, 41–53.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2013). The Pathological Narcissism Inventory. In Ogrodniczuk, J. (Ed.), Understanding and Treating Pathological Narcissism (pp. 93–110). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365–379.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability in psychotherapy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 439–443.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Dowgwillo, E. A., & Greenberg, L. (2016). Three cases of narcissistic personality disorder through the lens of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders. Practice Innovations, 1, 164–177.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2011). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (pp. 31–40). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Roche, M. J., & Good, E. W. (2015). Narcissistic personality disorder and pathological narcissism. In Blaney, P. H., Krueger, R. F., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 791–813). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (in press). Narcissism as the dynamics of grandiosity and vulnerability. In Doering, S., Hartmann, H.-P., & Kernberg, O. F. (Eds.), Narzissmus: Grundlagen – Störungsbilder – Therapie (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Schattauer Publishers.Google Scholar
Reed‐Knight, B., & Fischer, S. (2011). Treatment of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms in a dialectical behavior therapy framework. In Miller, J. D. & Campbell, W. K. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 466–475). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Reich, W. (1949). Character Analysis. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.Google Scholar
Reidy, D. E., Foster, J. D., & Zeichner, A. (2010). Narcissism and unprovoked aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 414–422.Google Scholar
Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preissler, S., Ruter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., … Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187, 241–247.Google Scholar
Ritter, K., Vater, A., Rüsch, N., Schröder-Abé, M., Schütz, A., Fydrich, T., … Roepke, S. (2014). Shame in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 429–437.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., Ménard, K. S., & Conroy, D. E. (2013). An integrative approach to the assessment of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 237–248.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2005). Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annuals, 39, 111–121.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2011a). Psychoanalytic theories on narcissism and narcissistic personality. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 41–55). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2011b). Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-V: In support of retaining a significant diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 248–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronningstam, E., Gunderson, J., & Lyons, M. (1995). Changes in pathological narcissism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 253–257.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. B., Morey, L. C., Sanislow, C. A., Markowitz, J. C., … Grilo, C. M. (2011). Comparing the temporal stability of self-report and interview assessed personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 670–680.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). Clinicians’ personality descriptions of prototypic personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 286–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1326–1342.Google Scholar
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1055–1085.Google Scholar
Schmeck, K., Schlüter-Müller, S., Foelsch, P., & Doering, S. (2013). The role of identity in the DSM-5 classification of personality disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7, 1–11.Google Scholar
Schneider, K. (1923). Psychopathic Personalities. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Schulze, L., Dziobek, I., Vater, A., Heekeren, H. R., Bajbouj, M., Renneberg, B., … Roepke, S. (2013). Gray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 1363–1369.Google Scholar
Simonsen, S., & Simonsen, E. (2011). Comorbidity between narcissistic personality disorder and Axis I diagnoses. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 239–247). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317–344.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2015). The alternative DSM-5 model of personality disorders: A clinical application. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 606–613.Google Scholar
Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., Chen, S., Saklofske, D. H., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2016). Perfectionism and narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 90–101.Google Scholar
Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2012). Histrionic personality disorder. In Ramachandran, V. S. (Ed), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (pp. 312–315). Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Stern, B. L., Diamond, D., & Yeomans, F. E. (2017). Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) for narcissistic personality: Engaging patients in the early treatment process. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 34, 381–396.Google Scholar
Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., … Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 1033–1045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stone, M. H. (1993). Abnormalities of Personality. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Stone, M. H. (1998). Normal narcissism: An etiological and ethological perspective. In Ronningstam, E. (Ed.), Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Empirical Implications (pp. 7–28). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Tomiatti, M., Gore, W. L., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). A five-factor measure of histrionic personality traits. In Columbus, A. M. (Ed.), Advances in Psychology Research (Vol. 87, pp. 113–138). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(6), 590–596.Google Scholar
Tritt, S. M., Ryder, A. G., Ring, A. J., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Pathological narcissism and the depressive temperament. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 280–284.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Jahng, S., Tomko, R. L., Wood, P. K., & Sher, K. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 412–426.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Mulder, R., Blashfield, R., Farnam, A., Fossati, A., … Reed, G. M. (2011). The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Personality and Mental Health, 5, 246–259.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Sanatinia, R., Tyrer, H., Cooper, S., Muller‐Pollard, C., … Weich, S. (2014). Preliminary studies of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorder in practice. Personality and Mental Health, 8, 254–263.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Ritter, K., Schröder-Abé, M., Schutz, A., Lammers, C. H., Bosson, J. K., & Roepke, S. (2013). When grandiosity and vulnerability collide: Implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 37–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vater, A., Ritter, K., Strunz, S., Ronningstam, E. F., Renneberg, B., & Roepke, S. (2014). Stability of narcissistic personality disorder: Tracking categorical and dimensional rating systems over a two-year period. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 305–313.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., Ritter, K., Renneberg, B., Schulze, L., Bosson, J. K., & Roepke, S. (2013). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A useful tool for assessing pathological narcissism? Evidence from patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 301–308.Google Scholar
Verheul, R. (2005). Clinical utility of dimensional models for personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 283–302.Google Scholar
Waugh, M., Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Morey, L. C., Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (2017). Psychological assessment with the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders: Tradition and innovation. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48, 79–89.Google Scholar
Westen, D., & Heim, A. K. (2003). Disturbances of self and identity in personality disorders. In Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 643–666). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2011). The comorbidity of narcissistic personality disorder with other DSM-IV personality disorders. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatment (pp. 248–260). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Costa, P. T. (Eds.) (2013). Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 94, 450–455.Google Scholar
Widman, L., & McNulty, J. K. (2010). Sexual narcissism and the perpetration of sexual aggression. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 926–939.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Integrating trait-and process-based conceptualizations of pathological narcissism in the DSM-5 era. In Besser, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Narcissism: Diverse Perspectives (pp. 153–174). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., & Edershile, E. A. (2018). Issues resolved and unresolved in pathological narcissism. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 74–79.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., Pincus, A. L., & Conroy, D.E. (2010). The higher-order factor structure and gender invariance of the pathological narcissism inventory. Assessment, 17, 467–483.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). An interpersonal analysis of pathological personality traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 19, 263–275.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Hallquist, M. N., Beeney, J. E., Lazarus, S. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2017). The effect of pathological narcissism on interpersonal and affective processes in social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 898–910.Google Scholar
Yeomans, F. E., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2015 ). Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Clinical Guide. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Zachar, P., Krueger, R. F., & Kendler, K. S. (2016). Personality disorder in DSM-5: An oral history. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1–10.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Sickel, A. E., & Yong, L. (1996). The Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (DIPD-IV). Belmont, MA: McLean Hospital.Google Scholar
Zeigler-Hill, V., & Besser, A. (2013). A glimpse behind the mask: Facets of narcissism and feelings of self-worth. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 249–260Google Scholar
Zeigler-Hill, V., Enjaian, B., & Essa, L. (2013). The role of narcissistic personality features in sexual aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 186–199.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1911–1918.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×