Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-21T15:04:50.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Bidirectional Models and Transactional Approaches to Parental Monitoring

from Part I - History of the Field and Theoretical Frameworks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2024

By
Loes Keijsers
Edited by
Judith G. Smetana ,
Nicole Campione-Barr  and
Lauree C. Tilton-Weaver
Judith G. Smetana
Affiliation:
University of Rochester, New York
Nicole Campione-Barr
Affiliation:
University of Missouri, Columbia
Lauree C. Tilton-Weaver
Affiliation:
Örebro University
Get access

Summary

This chapter challenges the traditional unidirectional view of parental monitoring by presenting a novel theoretical dynamic process model of parent–adolescent communication in which parents and adolescents causally influence each other. A review of empirical studies highlights that adolescents are active agents who strategically manage information from their parents. However, few studies have subjected the frequently hypothesized bidirectional processes to more rigorous within-family tests. Six studies with yearly intervals suggest that parent–adolescent communication about adolescent activities is bidirectionally related to adolescent outcomes. A handful of daily diary studies suggest that adolescents disclose more on days when there is more parental monitoring and when the quality of the relationship is better. What remains to be empirically determined is how real-time and everyday family functioning may explain the development of adolescent functioning. The chapter concludes with a discussion of four potential open questions for future research on transactional monitoring processes.

Keywords

Adolescent information managementparental monitoringintensive longitudinal datawithin-familydynamic system
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Parental Monitoring and Information Management during Adolescence , pp. 90 - 114
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4, 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025583CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 885–908. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017376CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, D., & Willoughby, M. T. (2017). On the practical interpretability of cross-lagged panel models: Rethinking a developmental workhorse. Child Development, 88(4), 1186–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12660CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Besemer, S., Loeber, R., & Hinshaw, S. (2016). Bidirectional associations between externalizing behavior problems and maladaptive parenting within parent–son dyads across childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(7), 1387–1398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0124-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beyens, I., Keijsers, L., & Coyne, S. M. (2022). Social media, parenting, and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, Article 101350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101350CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boele, S., Bülow, A., de Haan, A., Denissen, J. J. A., & Keijsers, L. (2024). Better, for worse, or both? Testing environmental sensitivity models with parenting at the level of individual families. Development and Psychopathology, 36(2), 674–690. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422001493CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boele, S., Denissen, J., Moopen, N., & Keijsers, L. (2020). Over-time fluctuations in parenting and adolescent adaptation within families: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 5(3), 317–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00127-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branje, S. J. T. (2018). Development of parent–adolescent relationships: Conflict interactions as a mechanism of change. Child Development Perspectives, 12, 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In Damon, W. & Lerner, R. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 1. Theoretical models of human development (pp. 795–828). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658Google Scholar
Bülow, A., Roekel, E., Boele, S., Denissen, J. J. A., & Keijsers, L. (2022). Parent–adolescent interaction quality and adolescent affect – An experience sampling study on effect heterogeneity. Child Development, 93(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13733CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coley, R. L., Votruba-Drzal, E., & Schindler, H. S. (2008). Trajectories of parenting processes and adolescent substance use: Reciprocal effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(4), 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9205-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coley, R. L., Votruba-Drzal, E., & Schindler, H. S. (2009). Fathers’ and mothers’ parenting predicting and responding to adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Child Development, 80(3), 808–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01299.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, M. J., Ennett, S. T., Foshee, V., Hussong, A., Lippold, M., & McNaughton-Reyes, H. L. (2018). Bidirectional relationships between alcohol-specific parental socialization behaviors and adolescent alcohol misuse. Substance Use and Misuse, 53(10), 1645–1656. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1421663CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cumsille, P., Darling, N., & Martínez, M. L. (2010). Shading the truth: The patterning of adolescents’ decisions to avoid issues, disclose, or lie to parents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(2), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.10.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietvorst, E., Hiemstra, M., Hillegers, M. H. J., & Keijsers, L. (2018). Adolescent perceptions of parental privacy invasion and adolescent secrecy: An illustration of Simpson’s paradox. Child Development, 89(6), 2081–2090. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021800432380CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frijns, T., Keijsers, L., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2010). What parents don’t know and how it may affect their children: Qualifying the disclosure-adjustment link. Journal of Adolescence, 33(2), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Granic, I., Dishion, T. J., & Hollenstein, T. (2008). The family ecology of adolescence: A dynamic systems perspective on normative development. In Adams, G. R. & Berzonsky, M. D. (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 60–91). Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756607.ch4Google Scholar
Hamaker, E. L. (2023). The curious case of the cross-sectional correlation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 4, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2022.2155930CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamaker, E. L., Kuiper, R. M., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2015). A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychological Methods, 20(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038889CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2011). Perceived parental monitoring, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent depressive symptoms: A longitudinal examination. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 902–915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9604-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardie, B. (2021). Reconceptualising parental monitoring within a model of goal-directed parental action. New Ideas in Psychology, 61, 100847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100847CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, L., Hudson, A., & Matthews, J. (2003). Parental monitoring: A process model of parent–adolescent interaction. Behaviour Change, 20(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.1.13.24844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hébert, M., Daspe, M. È., Lapierre, A., Godbout, N., Blais, M., Fernet, M., & Lavoie, F. (2019). A meta-analysis of risk and protective factors for dating violence victimization: The role of family and peer interpersonal context. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 20(4), 574–590. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017725336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinde, R. A. (1976). Interactions, relationships and social structure. Man, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/2800384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M., George, M. J., Russell, M. A., Lippold, M. A., & Odgers, C. L. (2021). Daily parent–adolescent digital exchanges. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49, 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00765-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapetanovic, S., Boele, S., & Skoog, T. (2019). Parent–adolescent communication and adolescent delinquency: Unraveling within-family processes from between-family differences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(9), 1707–1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10964-019-01043-WCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keijsers, L. (2016). Parental monitoring and adolescent problem behaviors: How much do we really know? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(3), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415592515CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keijsers, L., Boele, S., & Bülow, A. (2022). Measuring parent–adolescent interactions in natural habitats. The potential, status, and challenges of ecological momentary assessment. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keijsers, L., Branje, S. J. T., VanderValk, I. E., & Meeus, W. (2010). Reciprocal effects between parental solicitation, parental control, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 88–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00631.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keijsers, L., Frijns, T., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. (2009). Developmental links of adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and control with delinquency: Moderation by parental support. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1314–1327. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016693CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keijsers, L., & Laird, R. D. (2014). Mother–adolescent monitoring dynamics and the legitimacy of parental authority. Journal of Adolescence, 37(5), 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.04.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keijsers, L., Voelkle, M. C., Maciejewski, D., Branje, S., Koot, H., Hiemstra, M., & Meeus, W. (2016). What drives developmental change in adolescent disclosure and maternal knowledge? Heterogeneity in within-family processes. Developmental Psychology, 52(12), 2057–2070. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000220CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2003). Parenting of adolescents: Action or reaction? In Crouter, A. C. & Booth, A. (Eds.), Children’s influence on family dynamics: The neglected side of family relationships (pp. 121–151). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607430Google Scholar
Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36(3), 366–380. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.3.366CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Burk, W. J. (2010). A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 39–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00623.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Pakalniskiene, V. (2008). Parents react to adolescent problem behaviors by worrying more and monitoring less. In Kerr, M, Stattin, H., & Engels, R. (Eds.), What can parents do: New insights into the role of parents in adolescent problem behavior (pp. 91–112). John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiesner, J., Dishion, T. J., Poulin, F., & Pastore, M. (2009). Temporal dynamics linking aspects of parent monitoring with early adolescent antisocial behavior. Social Development, 18(4), 765–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00525.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krauss, S., Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2020). Family environment and self-esteem development: A longitudinal study from age 10 to 16. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119 (2), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000263CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunnen, E. S., de Ruiter, N. M. P., Jeronimus, B. F., & Van der Gaag, M. A. E. (Eds.) (2019). Psychosocial development in adolescence: Insights from the dynamic systems approach. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, R. D., Marrero, M. D., & Sentse, M. (2010). Revisiting parental monitoring: Evidence that parental solicitation can be effective when needed most. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1431–1441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9453-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2003). Parents’ monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents’ delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 74(3), 752–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00566CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2003). Change in parents’ monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior. Social Development, 12(3), 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00240CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laird, R. D., & Zeringue, M. M. (2019a). Between- and within-person predictors of children’s information management following rule violations. Social Development, 28(1), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, R. D., & Zeringue, M. M. (2019b). Parental knowledge and child disclosure as they relate to prosocial and antisocial behaviors. In Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of parenting and moral development (pp. 319–338). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190638696.013.22Google Scholar
Laird, R. D., Zeringue, M. M., & Lambert, E. S. (2018). Negative reactions to monitoring: Do they undermine the ability of monitoring to protect adolescents? Journal of Adolescence, 63, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lerner, R. M., Rothbaum, F., Boulos, S., Castellino, D. R., Lemer, R., & Rothbaum, F. (2002). Developmental systems perspective on parenting. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 2. Biology and ecology of parenting (pp. 315–344). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Lionetti, F., Palladino, B. E., Moses Passini, C., Casonato, M., Hamzallari, O., Ranta, M., … Keijsers, L. (2019). The development of parental monitoring during adolescence: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 552–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2018.1476233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippold, M. A., Davis, K. D., McHale, S. M., & Almeida, D. M. (2016). Daily parental knowledge of youth activities is linked to youth physical symptoms and HPA functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000167CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lippold, M. A., McHale, S. M., Davis, K. D., & Kossek, E. E. (2015). Day-to-day inconsistency in parent knowledge: Links with youth health and parents’ stress. Journal of Adolescent Health 56(3), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.11.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, D., Chen, D., & Brown, B. B. (2020). Do parenting practices and child disclosure predict parental knowledge? A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01154-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lollis, S., & Kuczynski, L. (1997). Beyond one hand clapping: Seeing bidirectionality in parent–child relations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14(4), 441–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407597144002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manago, A. M., Brown, G., Lawley, K. A., & Anderson, G. (2020). Adolescents’ daily face-to-face and computer-mediated communication: Associations with autonomy and closeness to parents and friends. Developmental Psychology, 56(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000851CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, S. K., Tilton-Weaver, L. C., & Bosdet, L. (2005). Information management: Considering adolescents’ regulation of parental knowledge. Journal of Adolescence, 28(5), 633–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molenaar, P. C. M. (2004). A manifesto on psychology as idiographic science: Bringing the person back into scientific psychology, this time forever. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective, 2(4), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15366359mea0204Google Scholar
Olthof, M., Hasselman, F., & Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A. (2020). Complexity in psychological self-ratings: Implications for research and practice. BMC Medicine, 18, Article 317. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01727-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelham, W. E., Tapert, S. F., Gonzalez, M. R., Guillaume, M., Dick, A. S., Sheth, C. S., Baker, F. C., … Brown, S. A. (2022). Parental knowledge/monitoring and depressive symptoms during adolescence: Protective factor or spurious association? Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(7), 919–931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00896-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peng, S., Hawk, S. T., & Wang, Y. (2023). Perceptions of parental privacy invasion and information management among Chinese adolescents: Comparing between- and within-family associations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 1287–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01771-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petronio, S. (2012). Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Marriage & Family Review, 53(7), 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1247761CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Racz, S. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2011). The relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems: A 10-year update. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(4), 377–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0099-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rekker, R., Keijsers, L., Branje, S., Koot, H., & Meeus, W. (2017). The interplay of parental monitoring and socioeconomic status in predicting minor delinquency between and within adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.06.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richters, J. E. (1997). The Hubble hypothesis and the developmentalist’s dilemma. Development and Psychopathology, 9(2), 193–229. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497002022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rote, W. M., Smetana, J. G., & Feliscar, L. (2020). Longitudinal associations between adolescent information management and mother–teen relationship quality: Between-versus within-family differences. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1935–1947. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000947CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. (2010). A unified theory of development: A dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Child Development, 81(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01378.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, A. J., & Mackenzie, M. (2003). Research strategies for capturing transactional models of development. The limits of the possible. Development and Psychopathology, 15(3), 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1017.S0954579403000312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smetana, J. G. (2008). “It’s 10 o’clock: Do you know where your children are?” Recent advances in understanding parental monitoring and adolescents’ information management. Child Development Perspectives, 2(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00036.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smetana, J. G., & Rote, W. M. (2019). Adolescent–parent relationships: Progress, processes, and prospects. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 41–68. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smetana, J. G., Villalobos, M., Rogge, R. D., & Tasopoulos-Chan, M. (2010). Keeping secrets from parents: Daily variations among poor, urban adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(2), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.04.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71(4), 1072–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00210CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swendeman, D., Sumstine, S., Brink, A., Mindry, D., Medich, M., & Russell, M. (2020). Smartphone self-monitoring by young adolescents and parents to assess and improve family functioning: qualitative feasibility study. JMIR Formative Research, 4(6), e15777. https://doi.org/10.2196/15777CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thelen, E., & Smith, L. B. (2006). Dynamic systems theories. In Damon, W. & Lerner, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 258–312). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0106Google Scholar
Valkenburg, P., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L., van Driel, I. I., & Keijsers, L. (2021). Social Media use and adolescents’ self-esteem: Heading for a person-specific media effects paradigm. Journal of Communication, 71(1), 56–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa039CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Lissa, C. J., Keizer, R., Van Lier, P. A. C., Meeus, W. H. J., & Branje, S. (2019). The role of fathers’ versus mothers’ parenting in emotion-regulation development from mid-late adolescence: Disentangling between-family differences from within-family effects. Developmental Psychology, 55(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000612CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Villalobos Solís, M., Smetana, J. G., & Comer, J. (2015). Associations among solicitation, relationship quality, and adolescents’ disclosure and secrecy with mothers and best friends. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Villarreal, D. L., & Nelson, J. A. (2022). Communicating and connecting: Associations between daily adolescent disclosure and mother–adolescent responsiveness. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(2), 704–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visscher, A. H., Boele, S., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2023). Unraveling the bidirectional associations between parental knowledge and children’s externalizing behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(4), 794–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964–023-01743-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willoughby, T., & Hamza, C. A. (2011). A longitudinal examination of the bidirectional associations among perceived parenting behaviors, adolescent disclosure and problem behavior across the high school years. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(4), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9567-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yap, M. B. H., Cheong, T. W. K., Zaravinos-Tsakos, F., Lubman, D. I., & Jorm, A. F. (2017). Modifiable parenting factors associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Addiction, 112(7), 1142–1162. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13785CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×